甘比亞與台灣建立外交關係始於台灣給甘比亞的外援。因此，本論文試著探索在台甘邦交期間，外援在兩國間扮演的角色。本論文試著提供讀者從歷史的角度看甘比亞與台灣的關係，特別以對外援助為核心。

為了決定外援在兩國外交關係中扮演的角色，本論文著重於三個研究問題：一、台灣對甘比亞外援的本質與組成為何？二、台灣以外援為外交政策的效果為何？三、台灣對甘比亞外援計畫的遺緒為何？

本質性研究方法藉著採用第一手與第二手資料，來支持論文中所提出的假說，且有助找出問題的答案。

本論文檢驗台灣在甘比亞執行不同的發展計畫是否揭示對甘比亞的影響，且遺留印象給甘比亞的普羅大眾。本研究發現在農業與教育方面的援助是最有影響力的。這個結果顯示了多數甘比亞人仍然非常感謝台灣的協助，並且希望有朝一日兩國能再重新建交。

The Gambia-Taiwan diplomatic relationship revolved around the provision of aid by Taiwan to The Gambia. As a result, this thesis attempts to explore the role played by this aid during the period of diplomatic ties between the two countries. This research aims to provide the reader a historical perspective on the Gambia-Taiwan relationship with foreign aid at the core.

In order to determine the role played by aid in the diplomatic relationship of the two countries, this research was focused on answering three questions; 1) what was the nature and composition of Taiwanese foreign aid in The Gambia? 2) How effective was Taiwan’s use of aid as a foreign policy tool? And 3) what is the legacy of Taiwan’s aid program in The Gambia? 

The qualitative research methodology was employed to help find the answers to these questions by consulting both primary and secondary sources to support the assumptions that are made in this thesis.

The research examined the different development projects Taiwan implemented in The Gambia and shed light on the impacts these projects have had or still having on The Gambia and lives on the Gambian people in general. This research discovered that the agricultural and educational aids were the most impactful. The results also showed that, majority of Gambians are still appreciative of Taiwan’s assistance and are hoping one day the two countries will re-establish official ties.

Contents


Contents


CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION	1
I.	Introduction	1
II.	Research Motivation	2
III.	Literature Review	3
IV.	Research Methodology	15
V.	Research Questions	16
VI.	Research Limitations	17
VII.	Expected Contributions	18
CHAPTER 2: THE GAMBIA-TAIWAN- RELATIONSHIP OVERVIEW	19
Section 1: The Gambia- An Overview	19
I.	A Brief History	19
II.	Overview of The Gambian Economy	20
III.	The Gambia’s Foreign Policy In Brief	22
Section 2: Overview of Taiwan’s History	29
Brief History	29
Origins Of The Gambia-Taiwan Diplomatic Relationship	31
CHAPTER 3: FOREIGN AID POLICY OF TAIWAN	35
Section 1: Background and Components of Taiwan’s Foreign Aid	35
Background	35
Components of Taiwanese Foreign Aid	36
The Objectives Of Taiwanese Aid	44
Effectiveness of Taiwanese Aid	47
Section 2: Taiwan’s Foreign Aid Policy Under the Different Presidents	49
Lee Teng-hui’s “Pragmatic Diplomacy”	49
Chen Shui-bian’s Presidency	52
Ma Ying-jeou’s “Viable Diplomacy”	57
CHAPTER 4: TAIWAN’S DEVELOPMENT AID PROGRAMS IN THE GAMBIA	68
Section 1: Educational Aid	68
Provision Of Higher Education Scholarships	69
Contributions To The President’s Empowerment Of Girls’ Education Project (PEGEP)	82
Vocational Education And Skill Training Assistance	84
Section 2: Agricultural Aid	86
The Upland Rice Expansion Project	87
Vegetable Production And Marketing, Specialized Zones Project	88
Tilapia Cultivation And Technological Transfer Project	91
Other Agricultural Assistance Delivered By Taiwan	92
Section 3: Health Sector Aid	94
Other Bilateral Aid Flows from Taiwan to The Gambia	96
CHAPTER 5: FOREIGN AID THEORIES AND CASE ANALYSIS	101
Section 1: Introduction of Theories	101
Neorealism	101
Idealism	104
Analysis Based on Donor and Recipient Interest	106
Section 2: Analysis Based on Foreign Aid Theories	112
Section 3:Analysis on The Gambia as Aid Recipient from the Theories	118
Pursuit of National Interest	118
The Yahya Jammeh Factor	119
CONCLUSION	122
APPENDIX	136
Bibliography	141

Official Publications.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 1997.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 1998.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 1999.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2000.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2001.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2002.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2003.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2004.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2005.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2006.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2007.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2008.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2009.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2010.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2011.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2012.
International Cooperation and Development Fund. Annual Report. Taipei: Taiwan, 2013.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, White Paper on Foreign Aid Policy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs (ROC) Taipei: Taiwan, 2009.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. International Cooperation and Development Act. Taipei: Taiwan, 2010.

Books:
Atkinson, Joel. Australia and Taiwan: Bilateral Relations, China, the United   States, and the South Pacific. Leiden: Brill, 2013.

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Hughes, Arnorld and Perfect, David. Historical Dictionary of The Gambia. New York: Scarecrow press, Inc, 2000.

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Journal Articles:
Alesina, Alberto, and David Dollar. “Who gives Foreign Aid to whom and Why?” Journal of Economic Growth 5(1) (2000): 33-63.

Atkinson, Joel. “Aid in Taiwan's Foreign Policy: putting Ma Ying- Jeou's Aid Reforms in Historical Perspective,” The Pacific Review (2014): 410-428.

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Bellows, Thomas. “Taiwan's Foreign Policy in the 1970s: A Case Study of Adaptation and Viability.” Asian Survey (1976): 593-610. 

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Chan, Gerald. “Foreign Policy of the New Taiwan: Pragmatic Diplomacy in Southeast Asia.” The China Journal  (2003): 213-215. 

Chan, Gerald. “Taiwan as an Emerging Foreign Aid Donor: Developments, Problems, and Prospects.” Pacific Affairs (1997): 37-56.

Chiu, Hung-chie. “The International Legal Status of the Republic of China.” Occasional Papers/Reprints Series in Contemporary Asian Studies (1992): 1-35. 

Chong, Alberto and Gradstein, Mark. “What Determines Foreign Aid? The Donor’s Perspective.” Journal of Development Economics (2008): 1–13.

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Larus, Elizabeth Freund. “Taiwan’s Quest for International Recognition.” Issues & Studies (2006): 23-52. 

Lee, Wei-chin. “Foreign Policy of Taiwan.” Asian Affairs, An American Review (1993): 20-45  


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Skidmore, Natasha. “Taiwanese Development Aid in Africa,” The South African Institute of International Affairs (2012): 8-21

 Parinini, Syeda Naushin. “Poverty and Governance in South Asia.” Routledge Studies in South Asian Politics (2014): 10-26

Taylor, Ian. “Taiwan's Foreign Policy in Africa: The Limitations of Dollar Diplomacy.” (2002): Journal of Contemporary China Vol. 11, No. 30, pp. 125-140.

Winkler, Sigrid. “Taiwan's U.N Dilemma: To Be Or Not To Be.” Taiwan-U.S. Quarterly Analysis (2012): 7-11

Yu, George T. “Peking Versus Taipei in the World Arena: Chinese Competition in Africa.” University of California Press (1963): 439-453. 

Theses:
Maia, Francisco. “The ROC and its Relations with Sub-Saharan African Countries: What are the Possible Factors Prompting Sub-Saharan African States to withdraw or refrain recognition of the ROC?” (Master Thesis, National Chengchi University, 2015) 

Njie, Ennu. “The Effect of Democracy and Human Rights Promotion Through Foreign Aid: A Case of The Gambia-EU Relations from 1994-2014.” (Master Thesis, National Chengchi University, 2016)

Traore, Safiatou. “The Role of Trade in ROC-Burkina-Faso relations.” (Master Thesis, Tamkang University, 2016).




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