本論文提出一個虹膜辨識系統的設計。具體而言，我們所研擬的辨識方法可區分為四大步驟，包括瞳孔中心定位、虹膜區域擷取、特徵萃取與編碼以及編碼比對。首先，運用影像處理技巧將影像中的瞳孔部分獨立出來，再用Canny邊緣偵測方法得到所有瞳孔邊緣的座標，據以訂出中心座標。接著以此中心座標為參考點，擷取出環狀的虹膜區塊影像。再藉由二維小波轉換萃取虹膜特徵並與一維log-Gabor 濾波器作旋積，接著利用相位量化的方式進行編碼。最後，比對決策部分則使用漢明距，由其訂出決策結果。我們使用CASIA(Institute of Automation ,Chinese Academy of Science)提供的虹膜資料庫圖片進行驗證，模擬結果證實所研擬的虹膜辨識方法有著極高的辨識率。

In this thesis, the design of an iris recognition system is presented. Specifically, the proposed method consists of four major steps, which includes pupil center positioning, iris data acquisition, feature extraction and encoding, and code matching. First, a frame containing the pupil is singled out by image processing technique. Then the coordinates of all the points on the edge of the pupil are computed using Canny edge detector. Accordingly, the position of the pupil center is determined. Next an annular region of the iris image is taken with reference to the pupil center. A two-dimensional wavelet transform is performed for feature extraction. After convolution with a two-dimensional log-Gabor filter, the data is encoded by phase quantization technique. Finally, the matching process is conducted using Hamming distance measure. Using the database provided by CASIA (Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science), the simulation result demonstrates that the proposed iris recognition system exhibits high recognition rate.

中文摘要.......................................................................................................I
英文摘要......................................................................................................II
目錄..............................................................................................................III
圖目錄.........................................................................................................VI
表目錄......................................................................................................VIII
第一章 緒論................................................................................................1
1.1 研究動機與目的......................................................................................1
1.2 虹膜簡介........................................................................................3
1.3 論文架構..................................................................................................4
第二章 系統架構.......................................................................................6
2.1 虹膜辨識系統架構..................................................................................6
2.2 瞳孔中心定位處理程序..........................................................................8
2.3 虹膜區域擷取程序................................................................................9
2.4 特徵萃取與編碼程序............................................................................10
2.5 比對辨識處理程序…............................................................................11
第三章 虹膜辨識演算法.......................................................................13
3.1 瞳孔中心定位..................................................................................13
3.1.1 瞳孔影像分離.............................................................................13
3.1.2 去除雜訊...........................................................................16
3.1.3 瞳孔邊緣偵測.............................................................................19
3.1.4 中心定位方式.............................................................................23
3.2 虹膜區域擷取.............................................................................25
3.3 特徵萃取與編碼....................................................................................27
    3.3.1 小波轉換...............................................................................27
    3.3.2 特徵編碼...............................................................................31
3.4 比對辨識處理........................................................................................34
    3.4.1 比對方式...............................................................................34
    3.4.2 比對結果設定.............................................................................36
第四章 虹膜辨識系統模擬.......................................................38
4.1 模擬環境............................................................................38
4.2 系統模擬....................................................................................38
4.2.1 模擬前置作業...................................................................38
4.2.2 系統模擬結果.............................................................................40
4.2.3 系統辨識能力評估...................................................................43
第五章 結論與展望...........................................................................45
5.1 結論................................................................................................45
5.2 未來展望............................................................................................46
參考文獻.....................................................................................................48


圖目錄
圖1.1 人眼圖片……………………………………………………………4
圖2.1 系統架構流程圖……………………………………………………7
圖2.2 瞳孔中心定位處理程序………………..…………………………..8
圖2.3 虹膜擷取流程……………………………………………………..10
圖2.4 特徵萃取與編碼流程………………………………………………11
圖2.5 比對流程…………………………………………………………..12
圖3.1 原始影像…………………………………………………………..14
圖3.2 灰階直方圖……………………………….……………………….14
圖3.3 應用臨界值法後的結果…………………………………………..15
圖3.4 膨脹後的影像……………………………..………………………17
圖3.5 侵蝕後的影像……………………………………………………..18
圖3.6 Sobel邊緣偵測後………………………………………………….20
圖3.7 Canny邊緣偵測後………………………………………………...20
圖3.8 切線概念圖………………………….…………………………….23
圖3.9 擷取與儲存方式…………………………………………………..25
圖3.10 擷取的虹膜影像…………………………………………………26
圖3.11 二維小波轉換示意圖……………..……………………………..29
圖3.12 由上至下共三次小波轉換圖………….………………………...30
圖3.13 相位量化圖………………………………………………………31
圖3.14 虹膜資料編碼過程………………………………………………32
圖3.15 虹膜編碼…………………………………………………………33
圖3.16 漢明距計算例子………………………………………………...35
圖3.17 旋轉移位比對…………………………………………………...36
圖4.1 上下眼瞼遮蔽………………………………………………………39
圖4.2 模糊影像……………………………….………………………….40
圖4.3 同一人虹膜比對分布圖……………….………………………..41
圖4.4 不同人虹膜比對分布圖…………………………………………..42

表目錄
表4.1 研究比較………………….………………………………………44

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