政策的最終目的，應是讓民眾獲得更幸福的生活，評估方式除了客觀幸福指標外，亦仰賴主觀幸福感的評估。過往對於交通旅運，多僅將之視為個體為參與活動的衍生，而未將交通旅運當作個體有意義活動看待，故多未聚焦於交通旅運經驗對於個體的活動參與、整體生活，以及交通旅運態度間的關聯。本研究係以通勤為例，探討具體通勤旅運經驗與條件對於個體的通勤主觀幸福感、通勤態度、工作與學業參與主觀幸福感及整體主觀幸福感之影響關係。

本研究以問卷調查法方式蒐集資料，在問卷上運用一日重建法的精神使受訪者重建具體上班上學通勤經驗，並使用SWLS（Satisfaction With Life Scale）、SPANE（Scale of Positive and Negative Experience）兩份量表量測整體主觀幸福感、STS（Satisfaction with Travel Scale）量測通勤主觀幸福感及工作（學業）參與主觀幸福感；在資料分析方面係利用PLS-SEM（偏最小平方法結構方程模式）進行路徑分析。

研究結果顯示，通勤條件感受會對通勤主觀幸福感產生直接正向且程度為大的影響；通勤主觀幸福感對於工作（學業）參與主觀幸福感有正向且顯著的影響，對於整體主觀幸福感則同時有直接正向但微弱及間接正向影響；而通勤主觀幸福感對於個體的通勤往後的態度亦有顯著的直接影響。具體的通勤旅運活動中，通勤使用運具為非機動運具及大眾運輸，對通勤主觀幸福感有直接負向影響；通勤角色為乘客及駕駛，對通勤主觀幸福感有直接正向影響，而步行者則有間接正向影響；通勤時間對通勤主觀幸福感有間接負向影響；旅途中若需要找車位，對通勤主觀幸福感有直接負向影響；而旅途中當中所從事的活動亦會對通勤主觀幸福感皆有直接且微弱的影響關係。

The ultimate goal of public policy should make people have a happier life which can be measured by objective and subjective well-being (SWB) indicators. In the past, many researchers regarded travel merely as a derivative activity of an individual instead of regarding it as a meaningful activity. Therefore, relationships among individual experience of travel, people participation in activities, overall living, and people’s travel attitudes are worth further studying. This study aims at discovering relationships among commuting experiences, commuting conditions, commuting SWB, working or studying participating SWB, global SWB and commuting attitudes for the trip purpose of commuting.

Questionnaire surveys are used to collect necessary data in this study. To obtain commuting travel experiences, Day Reconstruction Method's (DRM) law is used to design questionnaires. Respondents living or working/schooling in North-Taiwan are invited to provide their latest commuting experiences. Furthermore, SWLS (Satisfaction With Life Scale), SPANE (Scale of Positive and Negative Experience) and STS (Satisfaction with Travel Scale) are used to measured global SWB and commuting SWB. Finally, PLS-SEM is used for path analysis.

The results of empirical study show commuting conditions have positive and significant effects on commuting SWB. And commuting SWB has positive and significant effects on working/studying participating SWB. Commuting SWB can also influence global SWB in weak-direct and large-indirect paths. Finally, commuting SWB has positive and significant effects on commuting attitudes. The relationships among commuting experiences for work/school and commuting SWB show that non-motorized vehicles and public transportation have a negative directed effect, either driver or passenger has a positive directed effect, walker has positive indirect effect, and commuting travel time has a negative indirect effect. Seeking for park space in commuting has a negative direct effect on commuting SWB. Some activities in commuting-travel have effects on commuting SWB as well.

目錄
第一章	緒論	1
1.1	研究背景與動機	1
1.2	研究目的	2
1.3	研究範圍	2
1.4	研究流程	3
第二章	文獻回顧	4
2.1	主觀幸福感	4
2.1.1	主觀幸福感的概念	4
2.1.2	主觀幸福感的要素	4
2.1.3	主觀幸福感的量測方式	4
2.2	運輸與主觀幸福感相關理論	5
2.3	旅運活動與主觀幸福感	8
2.4	通勤旅運與工作（學業）參與	10
2.5	通勤旅運與通勤態度	12
2.6	小結	13
第三章	研究方法	15
3.1	研究架構及假設	15
3.2	研究變項定義與資料蒐集方法	16
3.2.1	整體主觀幸福感	16
3.2.2	通勤主觀幸福感	18
3.2.3	工作（學業）參與主觀幸福感	20
3.2.4	前次通勤活動	21
3.2.5	通勤條件	21
3.2.6	通勤態度	22
3.3	資料分析	24
3.3.1	偏最小平方法結構方程模式（PLS-SEM）	24
第四章	資料分析與結果	29
4.1	樣本結構	29
4.2	項目分析	34
4.3	不同社會人口變項及通勤狀況對通勤主觀幸福感差異比較	37
4.4	偏最小平方法結構方程模式（PLS-SEM）分析	47
4.4.1	各構面組成及量測模式說明	47
4.4.2	重複指標法	48
4.4.3	PLS-SEM分析	50
4.5	小結	63
4.5.1	假說檢定	63
4.5.2	實務意涵	65
第五章	結論與建議	66
5.1	結論	66
5.2	建議	68
參考文獻	71
附錄一：問項代碼對照表	77
附錄二：交叉負荷量	80
附錄三：HTMT信賴區間	82
附錄四：路徑係數及F值	85
附錄五：整體效果總表	87
附錄六：問卷題目及說明	90

 
圖目錄
圖 1.4 1研究流程圖	3
圖 2.2 1 Ettema等人（2010）日常旅運行為與主觀幸福感關係概念	5
圖 2.2 2 Friman等人（2013）以CFA分析交通旅運主觀幸福感結構	6
圖 2.2 3 Delbosc（2012）交通旅運對主觀幸福感之影響概念	7
圖 2.2 4 De Vos等人（2013）短期與長期旅運行為與整體主觀幸福感之關聯	8
圖 2.6 1本研究理論架構	14
圖 3.1 1研究架構圖	15
圖 3.2 1 STS（Satisfaction with Travel Scale）量表設計	19
圖 3.2 2 環形情感模型	19
圖 3.3 1結構方程模式示意圖	24
圖 3.3 2 反映型構面與形成型構面示意	25
圖 4.4 1重複指標法概念	49
圖 4.4 2形成型構面重複分析結果路徑圖	53
圖 4.4 3本研究整體路徑分析結果	55
圖 4.4 4具體通勤活動、通勤條件與通勤主觀幸福感路徑分析結果	56



 
表目錄
表 3.2 1整體主觀幸福感問項	17
表 3.2 2通勤主觀幸福感問項	19
表 3.2 3工作（學業）主觀幸福感問項	20
表 3.2 4通勤條件問項	21
表 3.2 5通勤態度問項	23
表 3.3 3 PLS-SEM模式評估概要	28
表 4.1 1 樣本結構	31
表 4.1 2 受訪者通勤起訖縣市	32
表 4.1 3受訪者通勤活動	33
表 4.1 4受訪者通勤運具、通勤角色與旅途中活動	34
表 4.2 1 各問項概要表	35
表 4.3 1性別對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本t檢定分析摘要表	37
表 4.3 2年齡對通勤主觀幸福感單因子ANOVA分析摘要表	37
表 4.3 3就業狀況對通勤主觀幸福感單因子ANOVA分析摘要表	38
表 4.3 4職位對通勤主觀幸福感單因子ANOVA分析摘要表	39
表 4.3 5教育程度對通勤主觀幸福感單因子ANOVA分析摘要表	40
表 4.3 6月收入對通勤主觀幸福感單因子ANOVA摘要分析表	40
表 4.3 7通勤使用運具對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本T檢定摘要分析表	41
表 4.3 8 通勤角色對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本T檢定摘要分析表	42
表 4.3 9同行有無對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本t檢定摘要分析表	43
表 4.3 10需要等車與否對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本t檢定摘要分析表	43
表 4.3 11需要轉乘與否對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本t檢定摘要分析表	44
表 4.3 12需要找車位與否對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本t檢定摘要分析表	44
表 4.3 13通勤旅途活動對通勤主觀幸福感獨立樣本t檢定摘要分析表	45
表 4.4 1本研究各構面及量測模式（括號內英文為構面代碼）	47
表 4.4 2 Fornell-Larcker指標	51
表 4.4 3反映型模式（一階構面）分析摘要表	52
表 4.4 4形成型模式分析摘要表	54
表 4.4 5構面間VIF評估	57
表 4.4 6模式路徑係數表	57
表 4.4 8調整後解釋變異量	59
表 4.4 9路徑影響效果	59
表 4.4 10不同運具之通勤條件對通勤主觀幸福感之影響分析表	62
表 4.5 1假說檢定結果	63

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