超寬頻(UWB)天線是一個無線超寬頻系統的關鍵元件，本論文研究一個平面單極UWB天線的優化設計，且以0.8mm厚的FR4基板(相對介電係數為4.4)來進行模擬與實驗驗證。優化過程乃是以一個長方形單極當作初始結構，並將其細分成多個(例如10個)細長條的金屬strip，且以strip的長度當作待優化變數。
本論文的目的在使用一個系統性的優化設計方法(結合等差田口優化法與響應表面模型技巧)來探究上述平面單極UWB天線的特性，包括只改變單極輻射體的下緣、只改變接地面的上緣，或同時改變上述兩者的的上緣與下緣所產生的效果。 除此之外，我們還探討了將細長條的寬度，以及接地面的寬度也一起加入做為變數所產生的效果。實驗與模擬結果顯示經此方法設計出來的平面單極UWB天線的|S11|max較之前的研究設計結果還要低3dB左右(達-13dB)。

Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is a key element for a wireless ultra-wideband system. In this thesis, the optimization of the UWB planar monopole antennas is considered, for which the UWB antenna is assumed to reside on an FR4 board of  0.8mm thick (relative dielectric constant=4.4) and the simulation and experimental verification are carried out.  The optimization process starts with a rectangular monopole structure, and the metallic monopole structure is subdivided into many (eg. 10) thin strips such that the lengths of the strips are used as variables to be optimized.

The purpose of this thesis is to employ a systematic optimization method (combination of Taguchi optimization method and response surface modeling techniques) to explore the S11 characteristics of the above planar UWB monopole antenna. The examples tested include those by changing only the lower edge of the monopole radiator, and those by changing only the upper edge of the ground plane, in addition to those by changing both the lower edge and the upper edge, respectively, of the above mentioned edges. Furthermore, we also investigate the performance by adding two more variables , that is, the width of the strips and the width of the ground plane. Simulated and experimental results show that the achieved | S11 | max (about -13dB) for the optimized UWB planar monopole antenna is lower than those of previous studies by ~3dB.

中文摘要	I
英文摘要	II
第一章 序論	1
1.1 簡介	1
1.2 研究背景	1
1.3 論文架構	5
第二章	平面寬頻單極天線設計	6
2.1傳統寬頻天線的演化	6
2.2全平面正方形單極天線初始結構的計算	11
2.3天線接地面和金屬貼片的結構參數原理分析	14
2.4連續直交表的使用	20
2.5改良式田口最佳化法	23
第三章 應用改良式田口最佳化法於天線設計	26
3.1 簡介	26
3.2以金屬輻射體下緣與接地面上緣的高度變數進行設計	26
	3.2.1針對金屬輻射體下緣結構參數的設計	26
3.2.2針對天線接地面上緣的結構參數之設計	33
3.2.3同時變動天線接地面上緣與金屬輻射體下緣的結構參數之設計	40
3.3納入金屬長條形寬度做為參數的設計	47
	3.3.1縮窄金屬長條形寬度之設計	47
	3.3.2增加金屬長條形寬度之設計	50
3.4納入金屬長條形寬度與接地面總寬度做為變數的設計	56
第四章結論	72
參考文獻	74


 
圖目錄
圖2.1(a)λ/4單極天線(b)圓錐形天線(c)火山煙狀天線之二維結構              	6
圖2.2水滴狀天線之二維結構圖	7
圖2.3水滴狀天線的演化順序	8
圖2.4水滴狀天線的VSWR 之頻率響應	8
圖2.5水滴狀天線在（a）3GHz（b）6GHz（c）9GHz										（d）12GHz 之輻射場型	9
圖2.6平面寬頻天線的演化圖	10
圖2.7圓柱體之立體結構	11
圖2.8矩形單極微帶天線的二維結構圖	13
圖2.9初始正方形單極天線的結構	16
圖2.10接地面(ground)微小變動對S11參數之影響	17
圖2.11金屬貼片微小變動對S11參數之影響	17
圖2.12初始正方形單極天線在間隙處由饋入線往金屬貼片端看入之     阻抗圖	18
圖2.13方形單極天線(g=0.7mm)由饋入線看入之Smith chart變化圖
	18
圖2.14方形單極天線(g=0.7mm)之等效電路模型	19

圖3.1天線結構示意圖	28
圖3.2第一次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	28
圖3.3第二次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	29
圖3.4第三次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	29
圖3.5第四次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	30
圖3.6第五次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	30
圖3.7五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	31
圖3.8最佳化後的天線結構示意圖	31
圖3.9最佳化後的天線結構實體圖	32
圖3.10最佳化後的天線反射損耗圖	32
圖3.11天線結構示意圖	34
圖3.12第一次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	35
圖3.13第二次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	35
圖3.14第三次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	36
圖3.15第四次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	36
圖3.16第五次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	37
圖3.17五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	37
圖3.18最佳化後的天線結構示意圖	38
圖3.19最佳化後的天線結構實體圖	38
圖3.20最佳化後的天線反射損耗圖	39
圖3.21天線結構示意圖(a)金屬貼片面 (b)接地面	42
圖3.22第一次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	42
圖3.23第二次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	43
圖3.24第三次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	43
圖3.25第四次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	44
圖3.26第五次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	44
圖3.27五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	45
圖3.28最佳化後的天線結構示意圖	45
圖3.29最佳化後的天線結構實體圖	46
圖3.30最佳化後的天線反射損耗圖	46
圖3.31天線結構示意圖	48
圖3.32五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	49
圖3.33最佳化後的天線反射損耗圖	49
圖3.34天線示意圖	51
圖3.35第一次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	51
圖3.36第二次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	52
圖3.37第三次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	52
圖3.38第四次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	53
圖3.39第五次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	53
圖3.40五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	54
圖3.41最佳化後的天線結構示意圖	54
圖3.42最佳化後的天線結構實體圖	55
圖3.43最佳化後的天線反射損耗圖	55
圖3.44天線結構示意圖	58
圖3.45第一次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	58
圖3.46第二次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	59
圖3.47第三次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	59
圖3.48第四次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	60
圖3.49第五次迭代做驗證實驗後的反射損耗圖	60
圖3.50五次迭代實驗之反射損耗變化圖	61
圖3.51最佳化後的天線結構示意圖	62
圖3.52最佳化後的天線結構實體圖	62
圖3.53最佳化後的天線反射損耗圖	63

圖3.54應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@3.1GHz)	63
圖3.55應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@4GHz)	64
圖3.56應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@5Hz)	64
圖3.57應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@6GHz)	65
圖3.58應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@7GHz)	65
圖3.59應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@8GHz)	66
圖3.60應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@9GHz)	66
圖3.61應用連續直交表最佳化於天線H-plane(X-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@10.6GHz)	67
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@3.1GHz)	67

圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@4GHz)	68
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@5GHz)	68
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬與實測結果(@6GHz)	69
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@7GHz)	69
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@8GHz)	70
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@9GHz)	70
圖3.62應用連續直交表最佳化於天線E-plane(Y-Z平面)的輻射場型模擬結果(@10.6GHz)	71

表目錄
表2.1直交表OA(18,5,3,2)	22
表3.1直交表直交表OA (27,10,3,2)	41
表3.2各參數結果	62

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