歐洲共同體建立初期以經濟整合為主導方向，而後以邁向社會整合為目標，成為現今將人權作為核心思想的超國家組織。從最初的羅馬條約至 90 年代後，歐盟持續推動同工同酬、平等機會與平等對待原則，不斷傳遞出追求兩性平等之價值觀，並致力於發展出更好的社會。
 
本論文以女性地位從古至今的更迭與角色變化，探討女性主義與婦女運動的緣起。歐盟性別平等政策在各大重要條約及行動綱領與計畫的框架下，如何與時俱進，改善歐洲內部性別不平等之情況，同時與國際趨勢接軌。藉由 Iris Young 於差異政治中所提之概念「壓迫的五張臉孔」瞭解女性在群體中所受的壓迫，並導入歐盟性別平等政策理論架構中，檢視其成果。
最後透過近年規模最大之網路性別平等運動#MeToo 運動，看出不同成員國對於女性地位抱持些許不一樣的觀點。性別平等政策對歐盟的發展及未來，在成員國與其他國際組織中的互動佔有舉足輕重之地位。

In the first place, European Community’s integration is the process of industrial, political, legal, economic. Then, it becomes social and cultural integration of states wholly or partially in Europe. European integration has primarily come about through the European Union and its policies. Nowadays, the European Union is seen as a supranational entity which always supports for human rights. From Rome Treaty to 90s, the EU keep promoting equal pay for equal work, equal opportunity, and principle of impartiality. Moreover, values transmission of gender equality and looking for a better society is always the EU’s priority.
This thesis is going to figure out the origin of Feminism with the changes of females’ status and roles in different ages through history. Also, how does EU Gender Equality Policy keep up with the times and go with the tide of world development under those treaties and action plans etc.? The five faces of oppression by Iris Young is a tool to know a social group is the oppressed or not, especially women in here. And leading this theory to look closely at the EU gender policy is the best way for checking EU’s current situation. At last, the biggest movement against sexual harassment and sexual assault on social media, #MeToo movement, shows the diverse perspectives among the EU Member States. The gender quality policy is certainly playing an important role in EU and over the international organizations.

第一章 緒論 1 
第一節 研究動機與目的 1 
第二節 研究方法與途徑 5 
第三節 文獻回顧 12 
第四節 研究範圍 27 
第五節 研究架構 29 
第二章 女性主義之發展沿革 33 
第一節 女性主義之定義 33 
第二節 女性歷史地位之回顧 36 
第三節 女性主義派別 50 
第四節 婦女運動三波論 53 
第三章 歐盟性別平等政策之沿革 57 
第一節 歐盟條約 58 
第二節 歐洲聯盟基本權利憲章 69 
第三節 歐盟性別平等相關政策 74 
第四節 現階段結論與未來發展 92 
第四章 差異政治之分析與案例探討  95 
第一節 壓迫的五張臉孔 95 
第二節 歐盟性別平等年度報告分析 102 
第三節 歐盟性別平等運動 113 
第五章 結論 123 
參考文獻 127 
附錄一 《基本權利憲章》 第三章 138
附錄二 歐盟上市櫃公司董事會與員工男女比例 139

圖目錄
圖1-1：壓迫的五張臉孔 8
圖1-2：歐盟性別平等政策進程 28
圖1-3：研究架構圖 31
圖3-1：歐盟性別平等政策進程 58
圖3-2：歐盟性別平等指數（整體總平均）75
圖3-3：歐盟成員國性別平等指數（2005、2010、2012、2015年）75
圖3-4：歐盟成員國性別平等指數（2005、2010、2012、2015年）76
圖3-5：2010-2015年歐盟平均就業率86
圖3-6：歐盟成員國議會男女比例之整體總平均 87
圖3-7：性別工資差異2010年 vs. 2014年 91
圖4-1：2002-2018年歐盟人民20-64歲平均就業率 105
圖4-2：歐盟性別工資差距趨勢 106
圖4-3：高級部長負責領域比例圖108
圖4- 4：同意針對婦女的暴力行為往往是因受害者挑釁所引起之受訪者比例	110
圖4-5：Google關鍵字搜尋#MeToo使用頻率 117
圖4-6：西班牙性別平等指數（2005、2010、2012、2015年）118
圖4-7：法國性別平等指數（2005、2010、2012、2015年） 120

表目錄
表一 「2016-2019性別平等基本策略」欲達成之目標92

中文文獻
（一）專書
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（二）學位論文
林敬堯（2014），「差異與共識 論Iris Young的溝通式民主」，東吳大學政治學系碩士論文。
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（三）期刊論文
王曉敏（2014），「女權主義或女性主義辨析——由feminism的中譯引發的思考」，中國科技術語，第1期：49-51,57。
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施世駿（2004），「歐盟新治理模式與社會政策發展：『開放協調法』興起的歷史脈絡與政策意涵」，台灣社會福利學刊，第4卷 第1期：1-50。
施世駿，陳芬苓（2013），「歐盟性別平等政策與跨域治理」，公共治理季刊，第1卷 第4期：145-156。
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焦興鎧（2001），「歐洲聯盟兩性工作平等法制之研究」，中央研究院歐美研究所《歐美研究》，第31卷 第4期：753-818。
游美惠（2014），「自主性（Autonomy）」，性別平等教育季刊，54期：101-102。
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西文文獻
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（二）期刊論文
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