隨著知識經濟的發展，使M型社會愈明顯，導致平價化的商品市場擴大，順勢造就頻繁的創業活動，因此，鞏固創業家實力，增加創業機會的發掘，充分運用創業資源，進而提昇創業成效與企業競爭力，故本研究試圖透過國內外文獻探討、專家訪談與青創楷模傳記，建立一份關於創業家偶然力的量表，期許能為欲創業者事先評估自己創業的可能性。
    在質化研究方面，本研究回顧相關文獻資料，並以11位專家訪談內容及35篇青創楷模傳記內容進行分析，歸納出創業家偶然力的關鍵特質。在量化研究方面，本研究以中小企業創業家與社會大眾為研究對象，有效回收創業家樣本116份、非創業家樣本543份。本研究發展出包括四個構面、十個子構面，共計57個題項的偶然力量表，而量化研究結果與質化研究結果相符合。
    在信度方面，變項、構面與子構面之Cronbach’s α值皆大於0.79以上，顯示本量表具有良好的內部一致性。在校度方面，本量表具有不錯的內容效度、區辨效度、建構效度和區別效度。本研究以Scott and Bruce (1994)所發展之創新行為量表作為效標，發現本量表具有良好的效標關聯效度。另以四個題項衡量創業家創業成效，與本量表施測結果做比對，發現偶然力量表得分愈高，創業成效之得分也愈高，因此，證明本研究量表之實用性。

This study tries to develop an entrepreneurial serendipity scale through literature review. In the part of qualitative research, according to literature review and a content analysis of eleven interviews and thirty-four models of Chinese youth entrepreneurial biography is conducted.

In the part of quantitative research, this study recovered 116 valid entrepreneurail samples and 543 valid non-entrepreneurial samples. This study establish a fifty-seven-items entrepreneurial serendipity scale including four dimensions and ten sub-dimensions. This results of the quantitative research are match with the qualitative research’s findings.

Cronbach’s α value were above 0.79 in each dimensions. In addition to reliability studies of the entrepreneurial serendipity scale, the researcher has carefully examined evidences of content validity, construct validity, and discriminate validity. We found the higher serendipity score of entrepreneurs also have better entrepreneurial outcomes.

目   錄  V
表 目 錄  VII
圖 目 錄  IX
第一章   緒論  1
第一節   研究背景  1
第二節   研究動機與目的  3
第三節   研究流程  5
第二章   文獻探討  6
第一節   創造力與創新能力  6
第二節   創業精神  15
第三節   創業家之定義  23
第四節   偶然力  27
第三章   研究方法  41
第一節   抽樣方法  41
第二節   量表編製流程  43
第四章   量表編製  47
第一節   量表發展過程  47
第二節   量表前測分析  63
第五章   施測結果分析  81
第一節   敘述性統計分析  81
第二節   信度分析  85
第三節   探索性因素分析  86
第四節   創業家與非創業家之區辨性  94
第五節   驗證性因素分析  95
第六節   區別效度  98
第七節   效標關聯效度  99
第八節   量表施測結果與創業成效比對  100
第六章   結論與建議  101
第一節   研究結果  101
第二節   管理意涵  104
第三節   研究限制  106
第四節   未來研究建議  107
參 考 文 獻  108
一、中文文獻  108
二、英文文獻  111
附 錄  126
附錄一  訪談問題  126
附錄二  本研究前測量表(創業家)  127
附錄三  本研究前測量表(非創業家)  130
附錄四  本研究正式量表(創業家)  133
附錄五  本研究正式量表(非創業家)  136

表 目 錄
表 1-1 台灣WEF競爭力評比  1
表 1-2 台灣中小企業近年來發展現況  2
表 2-1 創新的定義  9
表 2-2 創業精神的定義  17
表 2-3 創業家的定義  24
表 2-4 偶然力的定義  29
表 2-5 偶然力內涵對照表  35
表 3-1 各產業中小企業家數比率  41
表 3-2 各地區人口比率  42
表 4-1 偶然力構面對照表  48
表 4-2 專家訪談名單  49
表 4-3 《創業勝經》和《創業楷模》名單  50
表 4-4 創業家所具備的條件  51
表 4-5 量表構面、子構面與定義  57
表 4-6 本研究之量表題項  59
表 4-7 量表前測之樣本分析  63
表 4-8 知識管理之信度分析  66
表 4-9 知識取得與儲存之信度分析  68
表 4-10 知識分享之信度分析  68
表 4-11 知識應用之信度分析  69
表 4-12 態度之信度分析  69
表 4-13 承諾負責之信度分析  71
表 4-14 正面積極之信度分析  72
表 4-15 好奇心之信度分析  72
表 4-16 客觀態度之信度分析  73
表 4-17 動機之信度分析  73
表 4-18 風險承擔之信度分析  74
表 4-19 能力之信度分析  75
表 4-20 觀察與洞察力之信度分析  76
表 4-21 行動力之信度分析  76
表 4-22 堅持與柔軟度之信度分析  77
表 4-23 溝通能力之信度分析  77
表 4-24 幸福感之信度分析  78
表 4-25 量表前測結果  80
表 5-1 正式施測之樣本分析  82
表 5-2 正式量表之信度分析  85
表 5-3 KMO統計量判斷原理  86
表 5-4 知識管理之KMO與BARTLETT檢定表  87
表 5-5 知識管理之因素分析  88
表 5-6 態度之KMO與BARTLETT檢定表  89
表 5-7 態度之因素分析  89
表 5-8 能力之KMO與BARTLETT檢定表  91
表 5-9 能力之因素分析  92
表 5-10 幸福感之KMO與BARTLETT檢定表  93
表 5-11 創業家與非創業家在四個創業家偶然力構面的比較  94
表 5-12 二階驗證性因素分析結果  95
表 5-13 適配度指標及本研究評鑑結果  97
表 5-14 區別效度檢核表  98
表 5-15 本研究量表與創新行為量表受測結果相關係數  99

圖 目 錄 
圖 1-1 研究流程圖  5
圖 2-1 創新架構  12
圖 2-2 周圍環境影響個人與新價值創造互動的模型  19
圖 2-3 價值創造與個人改變的動態過程對應的創業類型  19
圖 2-4 創業歷程與GEM的操作性定義  21
圖 2-5 創業家矩陣圖  26
圖 2-6 機會發現的面向  32
圖 2-7 偶然力的五個要素  33
圖 3-1 量表編製流程  46
圖 4-1 研究架構圖  58
圖 5-1 量表得分與成效分數之散佈圖  100
圖 6-1 質化與量化研究結果對照圖  102

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