§ 瀏覽學位論文書目資料
  
系統識別號 U0002-0407202112050000
DOI 10.6846/TKU.2021.00095
論文名稱(中文) 探索性機器人的未來可能情節與其倫理意涵
論文名稱(英文) Anticipating Future Scenarios for Sex Robots
第三語言論文名稱
校院名稱 淡江大學
系所名稱(中文) 未來學研究所碩士班
系所名稱(英文) Graduate Institute of Futures Studies
外國學位學校名稱
外國學位學院名稱
外國學位研究所名稱
學年度 109
學期 2
出版年 110
研究生(中文) 森柚子
研究生(英文) Emily Jaworski
學號 606705027
學位類別 碩士
語言別 英文
第二語言別
口試日期 2021-07-01
論文頁數 165頁
口試委員 指導教授 - 霍珍妮(jeannehoffman71@gmail.com)
委員 - 霍珍妮(jeannehoffman71@gmail.com)
委員 - 董娟娟(cctung@ncnu.edu.tw)
委員 - 陳國華(sochen@mail.tku.edu.tw)
關鍵字(中) 性機器人
醫療用途
另類應用
未來情節
關係
網路安全
互聯網
層次因果分析
關鍵字(英) sex robot
therapeutic use
alternative application
healthcare
disability
scenarios
brothel
prostitution
HRI
relationships
sexual attitudes
cybersecurity
internet of things
causal layered analysis
第三語言關鍵字
學科別分類
中文摘要
在機器人社會與性技術的交匯處,性機器人在這兩個領域都佔據著獨特的位置。性機器人是唯一有經濟誘因使家用機器人盡可能栩栩如生的家用機器人,而且很少引起真正的蔑視和道德爭論。當今的性愛機器人很初級,它們並不敏捷,也不能自己走路。性機器人配備的AI“個性”類似於我們在智慧設備中發現的 個人助手的淫穢版本。但是,如果再經過二十、三十年,該技術可能會發生巨大變化。已有文獻提出性機器人在治療和保健中的替代應用。然而,在性技術行業中,在安全性、隱私和責任方面尚無明確的標準或監督。另外,尚有許多倡議 完全禁止這種技術。這些因素共同構成了圍繞這一新興技術的不確定氣氛。本文旨在透過應用情節的未來研究方法,為該新興問題的各種可能結果提供有用的見解。運用訪談和問卷調查方法收集原始資料,並使用已發表的學術文獻和文章中的現有資料進行了增強。並使用夏威夷大學所創Manoa原型情節建構法,提出四個可能未來情節。這四個情節是:持續增長-主要集中在貨幣,增長和資本主義上,創造了許多就業機會。甚至連駭客都是出於經濟動機。紀律-一個安全意識濃厚的社會,一個監管環境,性機器人診所在其中提供各種性療法的工具。崩潰-在全球範圍內禁止性愛機器人技術的未來,並發佈導致此禁令的事件。轉型-一個對性觀念持開放態度的社會,認識到性健康對於短暫的性需求和短暫的滿足感具有整體重要性。此外,進行了一項消費者研究,以收集殘疾用戶對性機器人的態度及其設計需求。這些場景對於製造商,政策制定者,消費者,研究人員,甚至是那些反對性機器人的人都是有用的。
英文摘要
At the intersection of social robotics and sex technology, sex robots occupy a unique position within both fields. Sex robots are the only domestic robots where there is a financial incentive to make the robot as life-like as possible, and few other sex devices inspire true scorn and ethical debate. Today's sex robots are rudimentary, they are not nimble, nor can they walk on their own. The “AI personalities" sex robots are outfitted with are akin to smutty versions of the personal assistants found in most smart phones. However, looking twenty, thirty, years down the line, things could shift dramatically for this technology. There is already literature suggesting alternative applications for sex robots, within the fields of healthcare and therapy. Yet there are no clear standards or oversight when it comes to security, privacy, and responsibility within the sex tech industry. In addition, there are campaigns to ban this technology altogether. These factors convene to create an atmosphere of uncertainty surrounding the future of this emerging technology. This paper aims to provide useful insight into a variety of possible outcomes for sex robot technology, through applying the Futures Studies method of scenarios. Four scenarios were created using the Manoa Method, also known as the Four Archetypes, as developed by Jim Dator. These scenarios were informed by primary data collected via interviews and reinforced with existing secondary data from published academic literature. The four scenarios are:  Continued Growth - focused on money, growth and capitalism, many job opportunities are created, as are the risks for exploitation. Discipline - a security-minded society a regulatory environment, where sex robots are clinical tools for providing sexual therapies. Collapse - a future where sex robot technology has been globally prohibited, and back-casts events leading up to this ban. Transformation - a society open in sexual attitudes that recognizes the holistic importance of sexual wellbeing over fleeting sexual needs and momentary gratification. Furthermore, a consumer study was done that reveal insights to the needs of potential sex robot owners and disabled users. These scenarios will be useful for manufacturers, policy makers, consumers, researchers, and even those who campaign against sex robots.
第三語言摘要
論文目次
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION	1
SECTION 1.1 AIM 	2
SECTION 1.2 THE SEX ROBOT	4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW	8
SECTION 2.1 INDUSTRY GROWTH AND PUBLIC RECEPTION	9
SECTION 2.2 SEX ROBOT PROSTITUTION AND LAW	14
SECTION 2.3 THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST SEX ROBOTS	19
SECTION 2.4 HUMAN ROBOT INTERACTION	20
SECTION 2.5 SECURITY AND SEX TECHNOLOGY	24
SECTION. 2.6 EXPLORING POSSIBILITIES	27
SECTION. 2.7 SOCIAL DISRUPTIONS	35
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY	45
SECTION 3.1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH STRATEGY	45
SECTION 3.2 INTERVIEW PROCESS & DESIGN	47
SECTION 3.3 QUESTIONNAIRE PROCESS & DESIGN	49
SECTION 3.4 DATA COLLECTION	50
SECTION 3.5 PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS 	51
SECTION 3.6 SCENARIOS	52
SECTION 3.7 FINAL SCENARIO ANALYSIS	54
SECTION 3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS	56
CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS	59
SECTION 4.1 INTRODUCTION	59
SECTION 4.2 QUESTIONNAIRE DATA ANALYSIS	59
SECTION 4.3 INTERVIEW THEMATIC ANALYSIS	61
4.3.1 Male Fixation & Orientation	62
4.3.2 Sexual Attitudes – Rights, Needs, & Well-being	70
4.3.3 Protecting Vulnerable Populations	72
4.3.4 Security as An Afterthought	79
4.3.5 Law & Liability	88
4.3.6 Crucial Conversations	92

SECTION 4.4 INTERIM SUMMARY OF FINDINGS	99
SECTION 4.5 FACTORS	100
CHAPTER 5 SCENARIOS	105
SECTION 5.1 CONTINUED GROWTH SCENARIO	105
SECTION 5.2 DISCIPLINE SCENARIO	110
SECTION 5.3 COLLAPSE SCENARIO	113
SECTION 5.4 TRANSFORMATION SCENARIO	117
CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION	121
SECTION 6.1.1 CONTINUED GROWTH	121
SECTION 6.1.2 DISCIPLINE	123
SECTION 6.1.3 COLLAPSE	126
SECTION 6.1.4 TRANSFORMATION	127
SECTION 6.2 CAUSAL LAYERED ANALYSIS	130
SECTION 6.2.1 CONTINUED GROWTH	131
SECTION 6.2.2 DISCIPLINE	133
SECTION 6.2.3 COLLAPSE	136
SECTION 6.2.4 TRANSFORMATION	139
CONCLUSION	143

REFERENCES	148

APPENDIX I	158
APPENDIX II	160
APPENDIX III	163

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

FIG. 1 POSITIVE TREND IN PUBLIC OPINION POLLS OVER TIME	10
TABLE 1 MISREPORTED SEX ROBOT BROTHEL HEADLINES	15
TABLE 2 LEGAL RULINGS MADE ON CHILD SEX DOLLS IN WESTERN NATIONS	18
FIG. 2 UNTITLED, HAJIME SORAYAMA	23
FIG. 3 ROBOSEXUAL PRIDE FLAG	23
TABLE 3 INSTANCES OF HUMAN-ROBOT MARRIAGE	36
TABLE 4 PUNISHMENTS OF SEX ACTS WITH ROBOTS, UNDER ISLAMIC LAW	81
FIG. 4 FACTORS REPRESENTED ON A DOUBLE DRIVER MATRIX	103
FIG. 5 DIFFERENT BEHAVIORS OF REGULATION AS A DRIVER OF CHANGE	104
FIG. 6 CONTINUED GROWTH FEATURED HEADLINE	131
FIG. 7 DISCIPLINE FEATURED HEADLINE	133
FIG. 8 COLLAPSE FEATURED HEADLINE	136
FIG. 9 TRANSFORMATION FEATURED HEADLINE	139
TABLE 5 CLA OF THE FOUR ARCHETYPES	142
TABLE 6 RESEARCH QUESTION Q1.	144
TABLE 7 RESEARCH QUESTION Q2.	144
參考文獻
1. “Customs Act 1901.” Federal Register of Legislation, Australian Government, 12 July 2017, www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2017C00219; www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2019A00072.
2. Abyss Creations. “RealDoll X: Best Realistic Robot Sex Dolls: Silicone Dolls Adults.” RealDoll, Abyss Creations, www.realdoll.com/realdoll-x/.
3. Adshade, Marina (2017). "15 Sexbot-Induced Social Change: An Economic Perspective." Robot sex: Social and ethical implications, edited by John Danaher and Neil McArthur, MIT Press, 2017, 289-300.
4. Adshade, Marina. “The Proliferation of Sex Robots Will Probably Destroy Marriage-for the Better.” Slate Magazine - FutureTense, The Slate Group , 14 Aug. 2018, slate.com/technology/2018/08/sex-robots-could-totally-redefine-the-institution-of-marriage.html.
5. AFP (2020). “China's $15 Billion Sex Toy Market Thrives, Thanks to Coronavirus.” Deccan Herald, DH News Service, 18 Oct. 2020, www.deccanherald.com/international/world-news-politics/chinas-15-billion-sex-toy-market-thrives-thanks-to-coronavirus-903561.html.
6. AFP (2018). “With Massive Gender Gap, Talking Sex Dolls Fill a Void in China.” CTVNews, CTV News Canada, 4 Feb. 2018, www.ctvnews.ca/sci-tech/with-massive-gender-gap-talking-sex-dolls-fill-a-void-in-china-1.3788798.
7. ai-aitech.co.uk/emma-the-ai-robot
8. Amuda, Yusuff Jelili, and Ismaila B. Tijani. "Ethical and legal implications of sex robot: an Islamic perspective." OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development 3.06 (2012): 19-28
9. Aronsson, Hanna. "Sexual imprinting and fetishism: An evolutionary hypothesis." Maladapting minds: Philosophy, psychiatry, and evolutionary theory (2011): 65-90.
10. Austin Institute. “Relationships In America Survey.” The Austin Institute for the Study of Family and Culture, 2014
11. Australian Border Force. “Man arrested in Canberra over child-like sex doll importation.” Australian Border Force Newsroom, Australian Border Force, 10 Feb. 2020, newsroom.abf.gov.au/releases/man-arrested-in-canberra-over-child-like-sex-doll-importation
12. Ayres, Martha M., and Anne Woodtli. "Concept analysis: abuse of ageing caregivers by elderly care recipients." Journal of advanced nursing 35.3 (2001): 326-334.
13. Bailey-Millado, Rob. “Couple Has 'Real Feelings' for $7K Sex Robot That Saved Their Marriage.” New York Post, NYP Holdings Incorporated, 14 Apr. 2020, nypost.com/2020/04/14/couple-has-real-feelings-for-7k-sex-robot-that-saved-their-marriage/.
14. Bame, Yael. “Sex with a Robot? 1 in 4 Men Would Consider It.” YouGov, 2 Oct. 2017, today.yougov.com/topics/relationships/articles-reports/2017/10/02/1-4-men-would-consider-having-sex-robot. (See Appendix 1)
15. Baraniuk, Chris. “Ashley Madison: 'Suicides' over Website Hack.” BBC News, BBC , 24 Aug. 2015, www.bbc.com/news/technology-34044506.
16. Barrett, Deirdre. Supernormal stimuli: How primal urges overran their evolutionary purpose. WW Norton & Company, 2010.
17. Battistoni, Alyssa. "The false promise of universal basic income." Dissent 64.2 (2017): 51-62.
18. BBC News. (2018a) “Sex Doll 'Brothel': Xdolls Escapes Paris Council Censure.” BBC News, BBC, 22 Mar. 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43506621.
19. BBC News. (2018b) “Elliot Rodger: How Misogynist Killer Became 'Incel Hero'.” BBC News, BBC, 25 Apr. 2018, www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-43892189.
20. BBC Three, "The Future of Sex? | Sex Robots and Us" YouTube, uploaded by BBC Three, 8 Apr. 2018, youtu.be/kGTI2_O9v_Y.
21. Bendel, Oliver (2016). "Sex robots from the perspective of machine ethics." International Conference on Love and Sex with Robots. Springer, Cham, 2016.
22. Bendel, Oliver (2021). "Love dolls and sex robots in unproven and unexplored fields of application." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 12.1 (2021): 1-12.
23. Boulding, Elise. "A journey into the future: Imagining a nonviolent world." Peace and Conflict Studies 9.1 (2002): 51-56.
24. Brandon, Marianne. (2021). Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021. 
25. Brandon, Marianne. (2019). “Robosexual: The future of human-robot relations.” Hosted by WebSummit SAPO. 06 Nov. 2019, www.sapo.pt/websummit/robosexual-the-future-of-humanrobot-relations_e2859cde-d7fd-465c-a7c5-ca36e88fda84 
26. Brooks, Gushwell. “The Future is Here: Robotic Humanoid Sex Dolls” NightTalk with Gushwell Brooks. 702.co.za, 6 Oct. 2019. 
27. Burr-Miller, Allison, and Eric Aoki. "Becoming (hetero) sexual? The hetero-spectacle of idollators and their real dolls." Sexuality & Culture 17.3 (2013): 384-400.
28. Burrell, Bruce P. “I Saw What You Did...or Did I?” WeLiveSecurity, ESET, 26 July 2018, www.welivesecurity.com/2018/07/26/i-saw-what-you-did-or-did-i/.
29. Calo, Ryan (2016). "Robots in American law." University of Washington School of Law Research Paper 2016-04 2016.
30. Calo, Ryan. Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021.
31. Chadd, Anthony. "DDoS attacks: past, present and future." Network Security 2018.7 (2018): 13-15.
32. Cheok, Adrian David, Kasun Karunanayaka, and Emma Yann Zhang. "Lovotics: Human-robot love and sex relationships." Robot Ethics 2. 0: New Challenges in Philosophy, Law, and Society 193 (2017): 193-213.
33. Choi, Charles Q. “Humans Marrying Robots? A Q&A with David Levy.” Scientific American, Scientific American; Springer Nature America, Inc., 19 Feb. 2008, www.scientificamerican.com/article/humans-marrying-robots/.
34. Chow, Eugene K. “China, Let's Talk About Sex.” The Diplomat, The Diplomat Media Inc., 14 Aug. 2017, thediplomat.com/2017/08/china-lets-talk-about-sex/.
35. Christian, M. (2019) “Next Congress on Love and Sex with Robots Set For July.” Future of Sex, 7 May 2019, https://futureofsex.net/robots/next-congress-on-love-and-sex-with-robots-set-for-july/.
36. Christian, M. (2020a) “Lonely Lovers Are Turning to Sex Dolls to Satisfy Their Pandemic 'Skin Hunger'.” Future of Sex, Future of Sex, 11 Aug. 2020, futureofsex.net/robots/lonely-lovers-are-turning-to-sex-dolls-to-satisfy-their-pandemic-skin-hunger/.
37. Christian, M. (2020b) “Funeral Service Helps Doll Owners Mourn the Loss of Their Plastic Lovers.” Future of Sex, Future of Sex, 27 Oct. 2020, futureofsex.net/robots/ funeral-service-helps-doll-owners-mourn-the-loss-of-their-plastic-lovers/.
38. CIA. “Field Listing World Birthrate.” CIA.gov World Fact Book, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021, www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/birth-rate/.
39. CIC. “Saudi Arabia Is First Country In The World To Grant A Robot Citizenship: CIC - Saudi Arabia.” Center for International Communication (CIC), Ministry of Media, Saudi Arabia, 26 Oct. 2017, cic.org.sa/2017/10/saudi-arabia-is-first-country-in-the-world-to-grant-a-robot-citizenship/. Press Release.
40. Cincotta, Jack. "Why Supernormal Stimuli are Ruining Human Health: And What to Do About It!.”, 9 Jan. 2021, jackcincotta.com/2021/01/09/why-supernormal-stimuli-are-ruining-human-health-and-what-to-do-about-it/
41. Cole, Byrony, host. "Sex Dolls: How AI-Enabled Real Dolls are Coming to Life (Feat. Matt McMullen of Real Dolls)" Future of Sex, season 1, episode 12, 29 Mar. 2017, anchor.fm/futureofsex/episodes/12-Sex-Dolls-How-AI-Enabled-Real-Dolls-are-Coming-to-Life-Feat--Matt-McMullen-of-Real-Dolls-eiq321
42. Cole, Samantha. “The 20-Year Patent on Teledildonics Has Expired.” Motherboard, Vice, 17 Aug. 2018, https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/ne55x8/teledildonics-patent-has-expired.
43. Comella, Lynn. “Following Public Outcry, Houston City Council Nixes Robot Brothel.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 8 Oct. 2018, www.forbes.com/sites/lynncomella/2018/10/08/following-public-outcry-houston-city-council-nixes-robot-brothel/?sh=624bef9771e8.
44. Congostrina, Alfonso L. “Barcelona Abre El Primer Prostíbulo De Muñecas De Silicona De España.” EL PAÍS, 3 Mar. 2017, elpais.com/politica/2017/03/02/diario_de_espana/1488469990_782225.html
45. Cox-George, Chantal, and Susan Bewley. "I, Sex Robot: the health implications of the sex robot industry." (2018): 161-164.
46. Critchley, Liam. “What Is Haptic Technology?” AZoSensors, AZoNetwork, 5 Dec. 2018, www.azosensors.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1435.
47. D'arcy, Scott, and Tom Pugh. “Surge in Paedophiles Arrested for Importing Lifelike Child Sex Dolls.” The Independent UK, Independent Digital News and Media, 31 July 2017, www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/paedophiles-uk-arrests-child-sex-dolls-lifelike-border-officers-aids-silicone-amazon-ebay-online-nca-a7868686.html.
48. Danaher, John (2014). Sex Work, Technological Unemployment and the Basic Income Guarantee. Journal of Evolution and Technology 24 (1):113-130.
49. Danaher, John, and Neil McArthur (2017, a), eds. Robot sex: Social and ethical implications. MIT Press, 2017.
50. Danaher, John (2019, a). "Building better sex robots: lessons from feminist pornography." AI Love You. Springer, Cham, 2019. 133-147.
51. Danaher, John (2019, b). "Regulating child sex robots: restriction or experimentation?" Medical law review 27.4 (2019): 553-575.
52. Dator, J. (2009). Alternative futures at the Manoa School. Journal of Futures Studies, 14(2), 1–18. 
53. Davies, Anna. “People Are Getting Surgery to Look like Their Snapchat Selfies.” BBC Three, BBC, 19 Apr. 2018, www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/9ca4f7c6-d2c3-4e25-862c-03aed9ec1082.
54. Davis, Kate. Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021.
55. Day, Rebecca. “How Revenge Porn Has Been Driving Victims to Suicide Attempts.” Manchester Evening News, M.E.N. Media, 29 July 2019, www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/how-revenge-porn-been-driving-16635743.
56. Dean, John. “How Sex Robots Could Stop Paedophiles Becoming a Danger to Society.” Mirror UK, The Mirror, 3 Nov. 2016, www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/sex-robots-could-stop-paedophiles-9121408.
57. DeFren, Allison. "Technofetishism and the Uncanny Desires of ASFR (alt. sex. fetish. robots)." Science Fiction Studies (2009): 404-440.
58. DeLamater, John D., and Morgan Sill. "Sexual desire in later life." Journal of sex research 42.2 (2005): 138-149.
59. Delvaux, Mady. "Report with recommendations to the commission on civil law rules on robotics." Committee on Legal Affairs, European Parliament 27 (2017).
60. DePaulo, Belle. “Around the World, Marriage Is Declining, Singles Are Rising.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 17 Aug. 2019, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-single/201908/around-the-world-marriage-is-declining-singles-are-rising.
61. Devlin, Kate. “Sex Robots | Kate Devlin | TEDxWarwick” YouTube, uploaded by TEDx Talks, 04 Apr. 2017, youtu.be/qlNV2fx7iS0.
62. Di Nucci, Ezio (2017). "Sex Robots and the Rights of the Disabled." Robot sex: social and ethical implications, Danaher and MacArthur, eds., MIT Press (2017): 73-88.
63. Di Nucci, Ezio (2021). Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021.  
64. Dines, Gail, “Gail Dines, Sarah Mah, Yuly Chan, and Cherry Smiley – Feminist Panel – Earth at Risk Conference" YouTube, uploaded by Fertile Ground Institute, 20 Feb. 2017, youtu.be/XRcREsLBIVo
65. Döring, Nicola, M. Rohangis Mohseni, and Roberto Walter (2020). "Design, use, and effects of sex dolls and sex robots: scoping review." Journal of medical Internet research 22.7 (2020): e18551
66. Döring, Nicola, and Sandra Pöschl. "Sex toys, sex dolls, sex robots: Our under-researched bed-fellows." Sexologies 27.3 (2018): e51-e55.
67. Döring, Nicola (2021). "Sex Dolls and Sex Robots." Lykins A.D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Springer, Cham. 2021.
68. Douthat, Ross. “The Redistribution of Sex.” The New York Times, The New York Times Company, 2 May 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/opinion/incels-sex-robots-redistribution.html.
69. Doyle, Clodagh. “Smart Sex Toys Firm Coughs up $3.75m in Privacy Lawsuit.” The Register, Situation Publishing, 2 Feb. 2018, theregister.com/2017/03/13/ internet_of_dildos_firm_3_75m_privacy_lawsuit/.
70. Dreyfuss, Emily. “Don't Get Your Valentine an Internet-Connected Sex Toy.” Wired, Conde Nast, 15 Feb. 2019, www.wired.com/story/internet-connected-sex-toys-security/.
71. EDPB-EDPS. “Joint Opinion 5/2021 on the proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down the harmonized rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act)” European Data Protection Board, 18 Jun. 2021, edpb.europa.eu/system/files/2021-06/edpb-edps_joint_opinion_ai_regulation_en.pdf
72. EFE-EPA, “China Company Enjoys Booming Business with AI Sex Robots.” efe.com, 24 May 2018, www.efe.com/efe/english/patrocinada/china-company-enjoys-booming-business-with-ai-sex-robots/50000268-3625953.
73. Eichenberg, Christiane, Marwa Khamis, and Lisa Hübner. "The Attitudes of Therapists and Physicians on the Use of Sex Robots in Sexual Therapy: Online Survey and Interview Study." Journal of medical Internet research 21.8 (2019): e13853.
74. Eisenstat, Yael. “The Real Reason Tech Struggles With Algorithmic Bias.” Wired, Conde Nast, 2 Feb. 2019, www.wired.com/story/the-real-reason-tech-struggles-with-algorithmic-bias/.
75. Elijah, et al. “Sex Robots – a Disturbing Look inside One of the World's Fastest Growing Industries.” Business Leader News UK, 25 Oct. 2018, businessleader.co.uk/sex-robots-a-disturbing-look-inside-one-of-the-worlds-fastest-growing-industries/53749/.
76. EPRS, UE. "Scientific Foresight study Ethical Aspects of Cyber-Physical Systems." Scientific Foresight Unit [STOA]. Brussels: Panel para el Futuro de la Ciencia y la Tecnología,2016, www.europarl.europa.eu/ RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/563501/EPRS_STU 282016.
77. EU (2011). Document 32011L0093. "DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL" EUR - Lex OJ L 335, 17.12.2011, p. 1–14, data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/93/oj
78. European Parliament (2020). "Priority question for written answer P-003718/2020 to the Commission Rule 138" Parliamentary Questions, European Parliament 23 June 2020, www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/P-9-2020-003718_EN.html
79. Fang, Cathy, et al. "Wireality: Enabling complex tangible geometries in virtual reality with worn multi-string haptics." Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 2020.
80. FBI. “Elder Fraud.” FBI.gov, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 15 June 2020, www.fbi.gov/scams-and-safety/common-scams-and-crimes/elder-fraud.
81. Fergnani, Alessandro (2020). "4 Archetypes, Shel, 2x2: Three Scenario Planning Methods Explained and Compared" Youtube, uploaded by Alex Fergnani. 17 Jun 2020, youtu.be/vx2mu5FgsXQ
82. Fergnani, Alessandro, and Mike Jackson. "Extracting scenario archetypes: A quantitative text analysis of documents about the future." Futures & Foresight Science 1.2 (2019): e17.
83. Fischer, Benedikt, et al. "Heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) a decade later: a brief update on science and politics." Journal of Urban Health 84.4 (2007): 552-562.
84. Fisher, Mark. Capitalist realism: Is there no alternative?. John Hunt Publishing, 2009.
85. Fitzgerald, Cormac. “Up to 5pc of Men Attracted to Children at Some Stage in Their Lives - Research.” Independent.ie, Independent House Media HUIS, 21 July 2015, www.independent.ie/irish-news/health/up-to-5pc-of-men-attracted-to-children-at-some-stage-in-their-lives-research-31392259.html.
86. Fleischman, Diana. “Uncanny Vulvas.” Jacobite Magazine, Jacobite, 24 Apr. 2018, jacobitemag.com/2018/04/24/uncanny-vulvas/.
87. Flood, Rebecca. “Living Doll Says 'Plastic Surgery Is BETTER than Sex' despite Nearly Dying.” The Sun, News Group Newspapers Ltd, 14 Feb. 2019, www.thesun.co.uk/fabulous/8419976/plastic-surgery-doll-boob-sex-dying/.
88. Fong, Mei. “Sex Dolls Are Replacing China's Missing Women.” Foreign Policy, 28 Sept. 2017, foreignpolicy.com/2017/09/28/sex-dolls-are-replacing-chinas-missing-women-demographics/.
89. Fosch-Villaronga, Eduard, and Adam Poulsen (2020). "Sex care robots: exploring the potential use of sexual robot technologies for disabled and elder care." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 11.1 (2020): 1-18.
90. Fosch-Villaronga, Eduard, and Adam Poulsen (2021). "Sex Robots in Care: Setting the Stage for a Discussion on the Potential Use of Sexual Robot Technologies for Persons with Disabilities." Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. 2021.
91. Frank, Lily, and Sven Nyholm. "Robot sex and consent: Is consent to sex between a robot and a human conceivable, possible, and desirable?" Artificial Intelligence and Law 25.3 (2017): 305-323.
92. Friedman, George. “The Decline of Births and the Transformation of All Things.” GPF Geopolitical Futures, Geopolitical Futures, 7 May 2021, geopoliticalfutures.com/the-decline-of-births-and-the-transformation-of-all-things/.
93. Galaitsi, Stephanie Elisabeth, et al. "Sex robots—a harbinger for emerging AI risk." Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2 (2019): 27.
94. Garber, Megan. “Funerals for Fallen Robots.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 20 Sept. 2013, www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/09/funerals-for-fallen-robots/279861/.
95. Gee, Tabi Jackson. “Would You Invite a Sexbot into Your Bedroom?” TimesLIVE, Sunday Times SA Arena Holdings, 5 June 2017, www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/health-and-sex/2017-06-05-would-you-invite-a-sexbot-into-your-bedroom/.
96. Geiger, Dorian. “Canada's Child Sex Doll Trial Raises Uncomfortable Questions About Pedophilia and the Law.” VICE, Vice Media Group, 25 Feb. 2016, www.vice.com/en/article/kwxj7w/newfoundlands-child-sex-doll-trial-raises-uncomfortable-questions-about-pedophilia-and-the-law.
97. Giusto, Denise and Cecilia Pastorino. "Sex in the Digital Era: How Secure are Smart Sex Toys?" ESET Research White Papers. 2021.
98. www.goingyourownway.com
99. Goldfeder, Mark, and Yosef Razin. "Robotic marriage and the law." JL & Soc. Deviance 10 (2015): 137.
100. González-González, Carina Soledad, Rosa María Gil-Iranzo, and Patricia Paderewski-Rodríguez. "Human–Robot Interaction and Sexbots: A Systematic Literature Review." Sensors 21.1 (2021): 216.
101. Grayson, Julia. Personal Correspondence. 2021
102. Hartley-Parkinson, Richard. “Mother Spent £10,000 to Make Herself Look like a Sex Doll.” Metro.co.uk, Associated Newspapers, 21 Aug. 2017, metro.co.uk/2017/08/21/mother-spent-10000-to-make-herself-look-like-a-sex-doll-6866258/.
103. Heilweil, Rebecca. “Why Algorithms Can Be Racist and Sexist.” Vox, Vox Media, 18 Feb. 2020, www.vox.com/recode/2020/2/18/21121286/algorithms-bias-discrimination-facial-recognition-transparency.
104. Hicks, Amber. “Sex Robot Brothel Opens in Japan amid Surge of Men Wanting Bisexual Threesomes.” Mirror, Mirror.co.uk, 27 Apr. 2019, https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/sex-robot-brothel-opens-japan-14792161.
105. Hilton Jr, Donald L. "Pornography addiction–a supranormal stimulus considered in the context of neuroplasticity." Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 3.1 (2013): 20767.
106. Hinduja, Sameer. “Sextortion.” Cyberbullying.org, Cyberbullying Research Center, June 2016, cyberbullying.org/sextortion.
107. Hornyak, Tim. “Sex Robot Roxxxy Looking for Action.” CNET, CNET, 11 Jan. 2010, https://www.cnet.com/news/sex-robot-roxxxy-looking-for-action/.
108. Hsu, Jeremy. “Robot Funerals Reflect Our Humanity.” Discover Magazine, Kalmbach Media Co., 15 Mar. 2015, www.discovermagazine.com/technology/robot-funerals-reflect-our-humanity.
109. Hussain, Farzan. “Police Captain Suicides After His Email Was Leaked in Ashley Madison Hack.” HackRead, Grey Dot Media Group Ltd. , 25 Aug. 2015, www.hackread.com/ashley-madison-hack-police-captain-suicide/.
110. IAI, “The Ethics of Sex Robots | Full Debate | Kate Devlin, Brooke Magnanti, Shahidha Bari, Alan Winfield" YouTube, uploaded by The Institute of Art and Ideas, 22 Feb. 2019, youtu.be/dZGh-hzzJQo
111. Ilascu, Ionut. “Hacker Used Ransomware to Lock Victims in Their IoT Chastity Belt.” BleepingComputer, Bleeping Computer LLC, 9 Jan. 2021, www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/hacker-used-ransomware-to-lock-victims-in-their-iot-chastity-belt/.
112. ILGA. “740 ILCS Biometric Information Privacy Act” Illinois Compiled Statutes - Illinois General Assembly, Legislative Information System, www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=3004.
113. Inayatullah, Sohail (1998). "Causal layered analysis: Poststructuralism as method." Futures 30.8 (1998): 815-829.
114. Inayatullah, Sohail (2005). "Causal layered analysis—deepening the future." Questioning the future: methods and tools for organizational and societal transformation, Tamkang University Press (2005): 1-22.
115. Inayatullah, Sohail (2015). "Ensuring culture does not eat strategy for breakfast: What works in futures studies." World Future Review 7.4 (2015): 351-361.
116. Jecker, Nancy S. "Nothing to be ashamed of: sex robots for older adults with disabilities." Journal of Medical Ethics 47.1 (2021): 26-32.
117. Jennings, Rebecca. “Incels Categorize Women by Personal Style and Attractiveness.” Vox, Vox Media, 28 Apr. 2018, www.vox.com/2018/4/28/17290256/incel-chad-stacy-becky.
118. Jiang, Emilia. “A Quarter of Young People Say They Would Have Sex with an AI Device.” Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 11 Feb. 2021, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9250213/A-quarter-young-people-say-sex-AI-device.html.
119. Johnson, Peter. "Pornography drives technology: Why not to censor the Internet." Fed. Comm. LJ 49 (1996): 217.
120. Kamal, Mudasir, and William J. Newman. "Revenge pornography: Mental health implications and related legislation." Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online 44.3 (2016): 359-367.
121. Katz, Leslie. “Paris Sex Doll 'Brothel' to Stay Open despite Protests.” C|Net, CNET, 23 Mar. 2018, www.cnet.com/news/sex-doll-xdolls-brothel-stays-open-despite-protests/.
122. Kelts, Roland. "Private Worlds" Adbusters.org, Adbusters Media Foundation, 19 Oct 2009, web.archive.org/web/20120313012346/https://www.adbusters.org/magazine/86/private-worlds.html.
123. www.kiiroo.com
124. Knafo, Danielle. "Guys and dolls: relational life in the technological era." Psychoanalytic Dialogues 25.4 (2015): 481-502.
125. Koverola, Mika, et al. "Moral psychology of sex robots: An experimental study− how pathogen disgust is associated with interhuman sex but not interandroid sex." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 11.1 (2020): 233-249.
126. Kubes, Tanja. (2019a) "New Materialist Perspectives on Sex Robots. A Feminist Dystopia/Utopia?." Social sciences 8.8 (2019): 224.
127. Kubes, Tanja. (2019b) "Bypassing the uncanny valley: sex robots and robot sex beyond mimicry." Feminist philosophy of technology. JB Metzler, Stuttgart, 2019. 59-73.
128. Kyodo News. “CIA Estimates Taiwan's Fertility Rate to Be World's Lowest.” Kyodo News , KYODO NEWS , 21 Apr. 2021, english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/04/f534b06809b5-cia-estimates-taiwans-fertility-rate-to-be-worlds-lowest.html.
129. Lampen, Claire. “If Your Vibrator Is Hacked, Is It a Sex Crime?” GIZMODO, Gizmodo, 31 Oct. 2017, gizmodo.com/if-your-vibrator-is-hacked-is-it-a-sex-crime-1820007951.
130. Lan, Kuo-Wei. Technofetishism of Posthuman Bodies: Representations of Cyborgs, Ghosts, and Monsters in Contemporary Japanese Science Fiction Film and Animation. Diss. University of Sussex, 2012.
131. Lee, Bruce Y. “Sex Toy Sales Are Buzzing With Social Distancing From COVID-19 Coronavirus.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 26 Apr. 2020, www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2020/04/26/sex-toys-are-buzzing-with-social-distancing-from-covid-19-coronavirus/.
132. Legislative Services Branch. “Consolidated Federal Laws of Canada, Criminal Code.” Criminal Code - Justice Laws Website, Government of Canada, 17 Mar. 2021, laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-46/section-163.1.html.
133. Levy, David (2007). "Robot prostitutes as alternatives to human sex workers." IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Rome. Vol. 14. 2007.
134. Levy, David (2009). Love and sex with robots: The evolution of human-robot relationships. New York, Harper Collins, 2009.
135. Levy, David. "14 The Ethics of Robot Prostitutes." Robot Ethics: The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics (2011): 223.
136. Levy, David (2016). "Why Not Marry a Robot?." International Conference on Love and Sex with Robots. Springer, Cham, 2016.
137. Lino, Valéria Teresa Saraiva, et al. "Prevalence and factors associated with caregiver abuse of elderly dependents: The hidden face of family violence." Ciencia & saude coletiva 24 (2019): 87-96.
138. Lomas, Alex (2017). “Screwdriving. Locating and Exploiting Smart Adult Toys.” Pen Test Partners RSS, Pen Test Partners, 29 Sept. 2017, www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/screwdriving-locating-and-exploiting-smart-adult-toys/.
139. Lomas, Alex (2020). “Smart Male Chastity Lock Cock-Up.” Pen Test Partners , Pen Test Partners, LLP, 6 Oct. 2020, www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/smart-male-chastity-lock-cock-up/.
140. Lubeck, Luis. “Sextortion Scammers Still Shilling with Stolen Passwords.” WeLiveSecurity, ESET, 30 Apr. 2020, www.welivesecurity.com/2020/04/30/new-sextortion-scam-claims-know-your-password/.
141. Lynn, Maxine. “A Legal Overview of Adult and Childlike Sex Doll Laws in Different Countries.” Future of Sex, Future of Sex, 14 Apr. 2020, futureofsex.net/robots/a-legal-overview-of-adult-and-childlike-sex-doll-laws-in-different-countries/.
142. Lynn, Regina. “Ins and Outs of Teledildonics.” Wired, Conde Nast, 24 Sept. 2004, www.wired.com/ 2004/09/ins-and-outs-of-teledildonics/.
143. Mainenti, David C. "Sex robot technology and the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF): A relationship in the making?." Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics 11.1 (2020): 390-403.
144. Maras, Marie-Helen, and Lauren R. Shapiro. "Child sex dolls and robots: more than just an uncanny valley." Journal of Internet Law 21.6 (2017): 3-21.
145. Marchant, Gary. A.I. Thee Wed - Humans Should Be Able to Marry Robots. 10 Aug. 2015, slate.com/technology/2015/08/humans-should-be-able-to-marry-robots.html.
146. Marcinkowska, Urszula M., and Markus J. Rantala. "Sexual imprinting on facial traits of opposite-sex parents in humans." Evolutionary Psychology 10.3 (2012): 147470491201000318.
147. Martin, Alexander J. “FTC Urged to Probe Easily Penetrated Telly-Enabled Teledildonic Toy.” The Register, Situation Publishing, 27 Apr. 2017, www.theregister.com/2017/04/27/ftc_urged_to_probe_easily_penetrated_tellyenabled_teledildonic_toy/.
148. Matozzo, Marissa. “Of Course, Sex Toy Sales Are Skyrocketing.” PAPER, PAPER Magazine, 19 Mar. 2020, www.papermag.com/sex-toys-sales-2645536137.html.
149. McArthur, Neil, and John Danaher (2017, b). “How Sex Robots Could Help with the Nuts and Bolts of Relationships | John Danaher and Neil McArthur.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 3 Oct. 2017, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/03/sexbots-nuts-bolts-relationships-sex-robots.
150. McArthur, Neil, and Markie LC Twist. "The rise of digisexuality: Therapeutic challenges and possibilities." Sexual and Relationship Therapy 32.3-4 (2017): 334-344.
151. McKay, Tom. “Sex Doll-Sharing Service Taqu Suspended After Angering Chinese Communist Party.” Gizmodo, Gizmodo, 19 Sept. 2017, gizmodo.com/sex-doll-sharing-service-taqu-suspended-after-angering-1818566310.
152. Michael, Tom. “Sex Robots 'Could Fuel Japan Birth Rate Crisis' as Lonely Men Get AI Girlfriends.” The Sun, The Sun, 26 Jan. 2019, https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/8286324/sex-robots-birth-rate-japan/.
153. Miley, Jessica. “Sex Robot Samantha Gets an Update to Say ‘No’ If She Feels Disrespected or Bored.” Interesting Engineering, Interesting Engineering, 24 Sept. 2018, https://interestingengineering.com/sex-robot-samantha-gets-an-update-to-say-no-if-she-feels-disrespected-or-bored.
154. Mitaros, Elle. “No More Lonely Nights: Romantic Robots Get the Look of Love.” The Sydney Morning Herald, The Sydney Morning Herald, 28 Mar. 2013, www.smh.com.au/technology/no-more-lonely-nights-romantic-robots-get-the-look-of-love-20130327-2guj3.html.
155. Moore, Lane. “This Model Got Plastic Surgery to Look Like a Sex Doll.” Cosmopolitan, Cosmopolitan Magazine; Hearst Magazine Media, 9 Oct. 2017, www.cosmopolitan.com/sex-love/news/a31138/model-gets-plastic-surgery-to-look-like-a-sex-doll/.
156. Moran, Michael. “Alien Cathouse Offers 'Blade Runner' Sex Experience with Robots.” Daily Star UK, Reach PLC, 1 Nov. 2019, www.dailystar.co.uk/news/weird-news/sex-robot-brothel-using-teledildonics-20765805.
157. Morin, Roc. “Can Child Dolls Keep Pedophiles from Offending?” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 20 Feb. 2018, www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/01/can-child-dolls-keep-pedophiles-from-offending/423324/. -Shin Takagi interview
158. Morse, Jack. “The Internet of Dildos Is Here, and It's Vulnerable as Hell.” Mashable.com, Mashable, 2 Feb. 2018, mashable.com/2018/02/01/internet-of-dildos-hackers-teledildonics/.
159. Mortimer, Caroline. “Japanese Man Makes Lifelike Child Sex Dolls for Paedophiles.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 15 Aug. 2016, www.independent.co.uk/news/world/australasia/man-who-makes-child-sex-dolls-for-paedophiles-claims-he-is-an-artist-a7192061.html.
160. Mosbergen, Dominique. “Pastor Outed In Ashley Madison Hack Commits Suicide.” HuffPost, Huffington Post, 9 Sept. 2015, www.huffpost.com/entry/pastor-ashley-madison suicide_n_55efe1dbe4b03784e2771e5d.
161. Mozilla. “*Privacy Not Included: A Buyer's Guide for Connected Products.” Mozilla Foundation, Mozilla, 2018, foundation.mozilla.org/en/privacynotincluded/about/meets-minimum-security-standards/.
162. Nevejans, Nathalie. European Civil Law Rules in Robotics: Study for the JURI Committee. Policy Department, Citizen’s Rights and Constitutional Affairs, Publications Office, 2016.
163. Nick, Paige. “Is Sex with Robots Written in Our Future?” Times LIVE, Sunday Times SA Arena Holdings, 27 Aug. 2017, www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/health-and-sex/2017-08-26-is-sex-with-robots-written-in-our-future/.
164. Noto La Diega, Guido. "The European strategy on robotics and artificial intelligence: too much ethics, too little security." The European Strategy on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence: Too Much Ethics, Too Little Security (July 1, 2017) 3.2 (2017).
165. NursingHomeAbuseGuide.org
166. Owsianik, Jenna (2015). “'Love and Sex with Robots' Conference Shut Down After Pressure from Authorities.” Future of Sex, Future of Sex, 27 Oct. 2015, futureofsex.net/robots/love-and-sex-with-robots-conference-shut-down-after-pressure-from-authorities/.
167. Owsianik, Jenna (2021). “Rising Demand for Sexbots, Remote Sex Toys, and VR Porn amid Health Crisis.” Future of Sex, Future of Sex, 25 Jan. 2021, futureofsex.net/sex-tech/rising-demand-for-sexbots-remote-sex-toys-and-vr-porn-amid-health-crisis/.
168. Peck, Emily. “When Your Sexual Abuser Is Also Your Patient.” HuffPost, Huffington Post, 2 June 2018, www.huffpost.com/entry/sexual-abuser-patient-home-care-workers_n_5b117c00e4b02143b7cc3941.
169. Peeters, Anco, and Pim Haselager. "Designing virtuous sex robots." International Journal of Social Robotics (2019): 1-12.
170. Plafke, James Comments. “The Most Sophisticated Sex Robot Today Is a Product of Healthcare.” ExtremeTech, Ziff Davis, LLC, 26 Aug. 2013, www.extremetech.com/extreme/164837-the-most-sophisticated-sex-robot-today-is-a-product-of-healthcare.
171. Pleasance, Chris. “Inside the Exdoll Talking Sex Doll Factory in China.” Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 2 Feb. 2018, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5343555/Call-baby-Talking-sex-dolls-void-China.html.
172. Poulsen, Adam, Eduard Fosch-Villaronga, and Oliver K. Burmeister. "Cybersecurity, value sensing robots for LGBTIQ+ elderly, and the need for revised codes of conduct." Australasian Journal of Information Systems 24 (2020).
173. PRNewswire. The Global Sexual Wellness Market Is Expected to Reach Values of around $39 Billion by 2024, Cision, 24 Apr. 2019, www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-global-sexual-wellness-market-is-expected-to-reach-values-of-around-39-billion-by-2024-300837545.html.
174. Qukula, Qama. “Should we draw the line at Sex Robots? Dr eve discusses the complicated ethics” The Aubrey Masango Show. CapeTalk 567AM. 14 Sep. 2018. Radio
175. Ratcliffe, John. "Scenario planning: strategic interviews and conversations." foresight (2002).
176. Raymo, James M., and Hyunjoon Park. "Marriage decline in Korea: Changing composition of the domestic marriage market and growth in international marriage." Demography 57.1 (2020): 171-194.
177.	reddit.com/r/PurplePillDebate/comments/knr0ci/government_mandated_girlfriends/
178. Ren, ZePing, et al. “How Chinese Fell out of Love with Marriage.” Nikkei Asia, Nikkei Inc, 22 Mar. 2021, asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Caixin/How-Chinese-fell-out-of-love-with-marriage.
179. RenderMan. Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021.
180. Revesz, Rachael. “Paedophiles 'Should Be Prescribed Child Sex Dolls'.” The Independent UK, Independent Digital News and Media, 2 Aug. 2017, www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/paedophiles-child-sex-dolls-prescription-stop-attacks-child-protection-stopso-therapists-a7872911.html.
181. Rich, Motoko. “Craving Freedom, Japan's Women Opt Out of Marriage.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 3 Aug. 2019, www.nytimes.com/2019/08/03/world/asia/japan-single-women-marriage.html.
182. Richardson, Kathleen (2016). "The asymmetrical'relationship' parallels between prostitution and the development of sex robots." ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 45.3 (2016): 290-293
183. Richardson, Kathleen (2018). Policy Report: Sex Dolls and Sex Robots – A Serious Problem For Women, Men & Society. CAMPAIGN AGAINST SEX ROBOTS, 5 Aug. 2018, campaignagainstsexrobots.org/ 2018/05/08/policy-report-sex-dolls-and-sex-robots-a-serious-problem-for-women-men-society/
184. Robertson, Jennifer. "Gendering humanoid robots: Robo-sexism in Japan." Body & Society 16.2 201): 1-36.
185. Rodriguez, Cecilia. “Sex-Dolls Brothel Opens In Spain And Many Predict Sex-Robots Tourism Soon To Follow.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 1 June 2017, www.forbes.com/sites/ceciliarodriguez/2017/02/28/sex-dolls-brothel-opens-in-spain-and-many-predict-sex-robots-tourism-soon-to-follow/?sh=2bcaab7a4ece.
186. Roper, Caitlin. Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021.
187. Rousi, Rebekah. "Me, my bot and his other (robot) woman? Keeping your robot satisfied in the age of artificial emotion." Robotics 7.3 (2018): 44.
188. Ryall, Julian. “Why Fewer Japanese Are Seeking Marriage: DW: 23.06.2016.” DW.COM, Deutsche Welle, 23 June 2016, www.dw.com/en/why-fewer-japanese-are-seeking-marriage/a-19349576.
189. Ryan, Mike. "Bluetooth: With low energy comes low security." 7th {USENIX} Workshop on Offensive Technologies ({WOOT} 13). 2013.
190. Samani, Hooman Aghaebrahimi, and Adrian David Cheok. "Probability of love between robots and humans." 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, 2010.
191. Santos, Sergi. Personal Correspondence. 2021
192. SBS Dateline "The Japanese robots used for companionship, household tasks and sex." Youtube, uploaded by SBS Dateline. 11 Apr. 2017 youtu.be/YzzDLujpat4. 
193. Scheutz, Matthias. "The inherent dangers of unidirectional emotional bonds between humans and social robots."  Robot ethics: the ethical and social implications of robotics. The MIT Press, Cambridge (2012): 205-222
194. Scheutz, Matthias, and Thomas Arnold. (2016) "Are we ready for sex robots?." 2016 11th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). IEEE, 2016.
195. Scheutz, Matthias, and Thomas Arnold. (2017) "Intimacy, bonding, and sex robots: examining empirical results and exploring ethical ramifications." Robot Sex: Social and Ethical Implications, J. Danaher and N. McArthur, Eds., The MIT Press, London, 2017.
196. Seals, Tara. “Enterprise Security Woes Explode with Home Networks in the Mix.” Threatpost, ThreatPost, 28 Apr. 2020, threatpost.com/enterprise-security-woes-explode-home-networks/155280/.
197. sexdollofficial.com/faqs/
198. Sharkey, Noel, et al. "Our sexual future with robots: a foundation for responsible robotics consultation report." Foundation for Responsible Robotics, NL (2017).
199. Sisson, Paul. “State Regulator Watching Scripps Health Ransomware Attack Closely.” The San Diego Union Tribune, San Diego Union-Tribune, 5 May 2021, www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/ story/2021-05-05/state-regulator-watching-scripps-ransomware-attack-closely.
200. Skiba, Katherine. (2020a) “Experts Give Advice on Preventing Online Dating Scams.” AARP, AARP, 10 Feb. 2020, www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2020/online-romance-scams-experts/.
201. Skiba, Katherine. (2020b) “'Sextortion' Scams Spike Amid Stay-at-Home Orders
.” AARP, AARP, 11 May 2020, www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2020/sextortion-scams-rise.html.
202. SonicWall. “SonicWall 2021 Cyber Threat Report”, SonicWall, Inc., 2021 www.sonicwall.com/2021-cyber-threat-report/
203. Sparrow, Robert (2017). "Robots, rape, and representation." International Journal of Social Robotics 9.4 (2017): 465-477.
204. Sparrow, Robert, and Lauren Karas. "Teledildonics and rape by deception." Law, Innovation and Technology 12.1 (2020): 175-204.
205. Stepanovich, Amie. Interview. Conducted by Emily Jaworski, 2021.
206. Stoltzfus, Justin. “Internet of Things (IoT) - Definition from Techopedia.” Techopedia.com, Techopedia, 27 Nov. 2020, www.techopedia.com/definition/28247/internet-of-things-iot.
207. Street-Porter, Janet. “Baby Boomers Are Bringing about the next Sexual Revolution with Sex Robots.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 1 Dec. 2017, www.independent.co.uk/voices/sex-robots-are-coming-babyboomers-bringing-about-sexual-revolution-a8087076.html.
208. Sullins, John P. "Robots, love, and sex: the ethics of building a love machine." IEEE transactions on affective computing 3.4 (2012): 398-409.
209. Szczuka, Jessica M., and Nicole C. Krämer. "Influences on the intention to buy a sex robot." International Conference on Love and Sex with Robots. Springer, Cham, 2016.
210. Talbot, David. “Artificial Skin That Senses, and Stretches, Like the Real Thing.” MIT Technology Review, MIT Technology Review, 9 Dec. 2014, www.technologyreview.com/2014/12/09/170133/artificial-skin-that-senses-and-stretches-like-the-real-thing/.
211. Tallet, Olivia P. “'Robot Brothel' Planned for Houston Draws Fast Opposition from Mayor, Advocacy Group.” CHRON., Houston Chronicle, 26 Sept. 2018, www.chron.com/news/article/Robot-brothel-planned-for-Houston-draws-13260032.php.
212. The Local FR. “Paris Sex Doll Brothel ‘Encourages Rape’, but Police Say It’s Legal.” Thelocal.fr, The Local France, 20 Mar. 2018, www.thelocal.fr/20180320/paris-councillors-want-citys-first-sex-doll-brothel-shut-down/.
213. The Sex Robots Are Coming. Directed by Nick Sweeney, Channel 4 Television Corporation, 2017
214. Theresa, Jordan “OnlyFans & Sex Work” Youtube. Uploaded by Jordan Theresa. 05 Jun. 2020 youtu.be/GOKMQWoA210.
215. This Morning. “Holly and Phillip Met Samantha the Sex Robot.” YouTube, uploaded by This Morning, 12 Sep. 2017, youtu.be/AqokkXoa7uE.
216. Timmins, Beth. “New Sex Robots Have 'Frigid' Setting Which Allows Men to Simulate Rape.” The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 21 July 2017, www.independent.co.uk/life-style/sex-robots-frigid-settings-rape-simulation-men-sexual-assault-a7847296.html.
217. Trawka, Paulina, et al. "Sexual dysfunction in elderly men and women." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 9.7 (2019): 656-668.
218. True Companion, "True Companions: FAQ." 09 Nov. 2018. Wayback Machine. web.archive.org/web/ 20181109105921/http://www.truecompanion.com/shop/faq 
219. U.S. Congress (2017). “H.R. 4655 — 115th Congress: CREEPER Act of 2017.” www.GovTrack.us. 2017. April 13, 2021. www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr4655
220. U.S. Congress, “H.R. 73 — 117th Congress: CREEPER Act 2.0.” www.GovTrack.us. 2021. April 13, 2021. www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/117/hr73
221. U.S. Congress. “S. 4400— 116th Congress:National Biometric Information Privacy Act of 2020” Congress.gov, Library of Congress, 03 Aug. 2020, www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/4400/text
222. UN Women, “Progress of the world’s women 2019–2020: Families in a changing world” UNWomen.org, UN WOMEN, 2020, www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/progress-of-the-worlds-women
223. University of Tokyo. “First National Estimates of Virginity Rates in Japan.” The University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo, 8 Apr. 2019, www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/focus/en/press/z0508_00035.html. Press Release.
224. VICE. "First Sex Doll Brothel in Europe" Love Industries S1 E7 Dec 11, 2018
225. Vincent, Milly. “Swedish Feminists Demand a Ban on Sex Robots Because They Dehumanise Women Just like Pornography.” Daily Mail Online, Associated Newspapers, 21 Feb. 2019, www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6730555/Swedish-feminists-demand-ban-sex-robots-dehumanise-women-just-like-pornography.html.
226. Walsh, Alistair. “Saudi Arabia Grants Citizenship to Robot Sophia: DW: 28.10.2017.” DW.COM, Deutsche Welle, 28 Oct. 2017, www.dw.com/en/saudi-arabia-grants-citizenship-to-robot-sophia/a-41150856.
227. World Association for Sexual Health (WAS). “Declaration of Sexual Rights” World Association for Sexual Health, 1999; 2014. worldsexualhealth.net/resources/declaration-of-sexual-rights/
228. Welch, Ashley. “‘Snapchat Dysmorphia’: Selfies, Photo Filters Driving People to Plastic Surgery, Doctors Say.” CBS News, CBS Interactive, 10 Aug. 2018, www.cbsnews.com/news/snapchat-dysmorphia-selfies-driving-people-to-plastic-surgery-doctors-warn/.
229. Wiewiórowski, Wojciech. “The State of Biometrics: Update from the European Data Protection Suervisor” Biometrics Annual Congress, 7 Oct. 2020, edps.europa.eu/data-protection/our-work/publications/speeches-articles/state-biometrics-wojciech-wiewiorowski_en; edps.europa.eu/sites/edp/files/publication/20-10-07_edps_biometrics_speech_en.pdf
230. Wiszewska, Agnieszka, Boguslaw Pawlowski, and Lynda G. Boothroyd. "Father–daughter relationship as a moderator of sexual imprinting: a facialmetric study." Evolution and Human Behavior 28.4 2007: 248-252.
231. World Health Organization (WHO, 2014). “Gender and Human Rights.” World Health Organization, World Health Organization, 28 Nov. 2014, www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/gender_rights/ sexual_health/en/.
232. World Health Organization (WHO, 2015). Sexual health, human rights and the law. World Health Organization, 2015. 
233. Wilkinson, Philip, and Neil Philip. Mythology. Dorling Kindersley Ltd, 2007.
234. Wynsberghe, A. and Shuhong Li. “A paradigm shift for robot ethics: from HRI to human–robot–system interaction (HRSI).” (2019).
235. Yeoman, Ian, and Michelle Mars. "Robots, men and sex tourism." Futures 44.4 (2012): 365-371.
論文全文使用權限
校內
校內紙本論文立即公開
同意電子論文全文授權校園內公開
校內電子論文立即公開
校外
同意授權
校外電子論文立即公開

如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信