在一般中型以上民生污水廠污泥處理流程，通常包括污泥濃縮、厭氧消化、及脫水單元，本研究嘗試將前向滲透技術(FO)結合厭氧消化程序，取代傳統的濃縮、消化程序，藉此降低污泥處理程序之用地面積及提高污泥厭氧消化效率。
本研究利用前向滲透膜結合厭氧消化槽(FO-AMBR)之小型實驗模組，並使用模擬海水濃度之鹽水作為DS實廠污泥作為FS，進行連續性的操作及監測，觀察FO系統使用於厭氧消化之膜通量變化、厭氧消化效率及鹽類反向滲透對於厭氧消化之影響。
實驗結果顯示污泥經濃縮後因濃度極化作用較易產生膜結垢，使最大膜通量降低。整體而言本研究模組之pH、ORP及污泥削減率主要受有機負荷率影響，在模組操作過程得到17.5%每日污泥SS平均削減率及19%累積量推估之污泥SS削減率。而鹽類反向滲透之污泥馴養實驗結果顯示污泥中微生物有其適應性，經過緩慢的馴養依然能有與實廠污泥相同的厭氧消化效率。

The sludge treatment and disposal process in wastewater treatment plant includes sludge concentration, anaerobic digestion and dewatering. This study investigates the feasibility of replacing traditional sludge concentration and digestion with the combination of forward osmosis technology and anaerobic digester in the hope of reducing area of treatment facility and improving anaerobic digestion efficiency.
By utilizing a small-sized module which combined FO membrane and anaerobic digestion tank, the study used sodium chloride to prepare draw solution with concentration similar to seawater and sludge from full-scale plant to feed the anaerobic digester. The membrane flux, sludge digestion efficiency and the effect of reverse salt on forward osmosis anaerobic membrane bioreactor (FO-AMBR) were observed.
The experimental results indicated that the decreasing flux is caused by concentrative external concentration polarization. The pH, ORP and removal efficiency of anaerobic digester are influenced by organic loading rate. Based on mass balance of suspended solids (SS) in and out of the digester, average removal efficiency of suspended solids (SS) is about 17.5% with the values calculated daily and is 19% obtaining from the accumulative values throughout the experimental run. In addition, the result of conductivity inhibition experiment shows that sludge after domestication is able to adapt in salted environment by slowly domesticated.

目錄
目錄	I
圖目錄	IV
表目錄	VI
第一章	前言	1
1.1	研究緣起	1
1.2	研究目的	3
第二章	文獻回顧	4
2.1	淡水水資源回收中心處理流程簡介	4
2.2	淡水水資源回收中心污泥厭氧消化系統簡介	5
2.3	淡水水資源回收中心污泥量與性質	5
2.4	淡水水資源回收中心污泥操作費用	11
2.5	厭氧消化原理	12
2.5.1	作用機制	12
2.6	厭氧消化作用之觀察指標及影響因素	14
2.6.1	有機負荷率(Organic Loading Rate, OLR)	14
2.6.2	污泥濃度	14
2.6.3	鹼度與揮發酸	14
2.6.4	pH	15
2.6.5	溫度	15
2.6.6	氧化還原電位(ORP)	15
2.6.7	固體停留時間(SRT)及水力停留時間(HRT)	16
2.6.8	鹽類及毒性物質之影響	17
2.7	FO介紹	18
2.7.1	FO原理	18
2.7.2	膜通量	19
2.7.3	非對稱模之操作模式	20
2.7.4	濃度極化(concentration polarization, CP)	21
2.7.5	鹽類反向滲透通量(Reverse salt flux)	24
2.7.6	吸取液(Draw solution, DS)	24
2.7.7	膜污染及阻塞	25
2.7.8	膜的清洗	26
2.7.9	FO技術的應用	26
第三章	實驗方法與材料	28
3.1	實驗內容	28
3.2	厭氧薄膜生物反應器模組	29
3.2.1	厭氧薄膜生物反應器之污泥預處理	35
3.2.2	污泥採樣及進料	35
3.2.3	控制參數	36
3.2.4	FO膜管製備	37
3.2.5	膜清水測試	39
3.2.6	FO膜的清洗	39
3.2.1	厭氧薄膜生物反應器模組各階段調整項目	40
3.3	NaCl抑制實驗模組	41
3.3.1	污泥來源	42
3.3.2	污泥馴養	42
3.3.3	污泥預處理	42
3.3.4	污泥採樣及進料	43
3.3.5	控制參數	43
3.3.6	檢測項目及方法	43
3.4	檢測設備	47
3.5	SPSS分析	48
第四章	結果與討論	50
4.1	厭氧薄膜生物反應器實驗結果	50
4.1.1	FO膜管在清水下通量測試	50
4.1.2	A模組之FO膜管在污泥下通量及導電度比較測試	51
4.1.3	B模組之FO膜管在污泥下通量及導電度比較測試	57
4.1.4	通量及導電度比較小結	59
4.1.5	FO膜管在污泥下通量及總固體物比較測試	59
4.1.6	A模組之通量及懸浮固體物比較	64
4.1.7	B模組之通量及懸浮固體物比較	67
4.1.8	通量及懸浮固體物小結	70
4.2	厭氧消化效率	70
4.2.1	A模組之厭氧消化效率	70
4.2.2	B模組之厭氧消化效率	77
4.2.3	小結	85
4.3	FO膜的結垢	86
4.4	鹽類抑制試驗	87
4.4.1	SS削減率比較	88
4.4.2	產氣量比較	90
第五章	結論與建議	93
5.1	結論	93
5.2	建議	95
參考文獻	97
圖目錄
圖1.淡水水資源回收中心處理流程	5
圖2. 淡水水資源回收中心污泥系統濃縮、厭氧消化、脫水操作費用	11
圖3. SRT對厭氧消化之影響	16
圖4. FO原理示意圖	19
圖5. 濃度極化現象示意圖	22
圖6.模組A裝置示意圖	31
圖7.模組B裝置示意圖	32
圖8.模組A現場圖	33
圖9.模組B現場圖	34
圖10.膜管及支撐層示意圖	38
圖11.膜管現場圖	38
圖12.NaCl抑制實驗模組示意圖	41
圖13.本研究利用SPSS分析比較流程圖	49
圖14.FO膜管清水通量	51
圖15.模組A通量與導電度變化	56
圖16.模組B通量與導電度變化	58
圖17.模組A通量與TS變化	62
圖18.模組A出流污泥TS與出流污泥導電度變化	63
圖19.模組A出流污泥TS與出流污泥導電度變化對應趨勢	63
圖20.模組A通量與出流SS變化	66
圖21.模組B通量與出流SS變化	69
圖22.模組A產氣量變化	75
圖23.模組A通量與有機負荷率變化	76
圖24.模組B污泥理論與實際出流SS及削減率變化圖	80
圖25.模組B污泥理論與實際出流VSS及削減率變化圖	81
圖26.模組B污泥SS進出累積量趨勢圖	83
圖27.模組B污泥VSS進出累積量趨勢圖	84
圖28.B模組OLR趨勢圖	85
圖29.FO膜管結垢情形	87
圖30.污泥厭氧消化後SS削減率盒鬚圖	89
圖31. 厭氧消化污泥產氣量盒鬚圖	91
圖32. 模組裝置改良示意圖	96
表目錄
表1.淡水水資源回收中心分月平均污泥量與性質	6
表2.淡水水資源回收中心厭氧消化分月平均污泥量與性質	7
表3.淡水水資源回收中心污泥分月平均VSS/SS	8
表4.淡水水資源回收中心消化污泥分月平均pH、鹼度、氧化還原電位	9
表5.淡水水資源回收中心厭氧消化系統操作參數	10
表6.厭氧薄膜生物反應器模組各階段調整項目總表	40
表7. FO厭氧薄膜生物反應器A及B之檢測項目及頻率	44
表8.NaCl抑制實驗檢測項目及頻率	45
表9.檢測項目之分析方法	45
表10.檢測設備總表及相關型號	47
表11.模組A通量與導電度總表	53
表12.模組B通量與導電度總表	57
表13.模組A通量與總固體物總表	60
表14.模組A通量與懸浮固體物總表	65
表15.模組B通量與懸浮固體物總表	68
表16.模組A厭氧消化效率總表	72
表17.模組B厭氧消化效率總表	78
表18.污泥厭氧消化後SS削減率描述性統計資料表	88
表19.污泥厭氧消化後SS削減率變異數同質性測試表	89
表20.污泥厭氧消化後SS削減率變異數分析表	90
表21.厭氧消化污泥產氣量描述性統計資料表	90
表22. 厭氧消化污泥產氣量變異數同質性測試表	91
表23. 厭氧消化污泥產氣量變異數分析表	92
表24. 厭氧消化操作環境	92

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