系統識別號 | U0002-0407200902135600 |
---|---|
DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2009.00100 |
論文名稱(中文) | 電影與廣播對英聽的影響 |
論文名稱(英文) | The Effects of Multimedia Materials on Listening Comprehension: A Comparison of Broadcasts and Movies |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 英文學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of English |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 97 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 98 |
研究生(中文) | 陳宏彰 |
研究生(英文) | Hung-Chang Chen |
學號 | 695110683 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2009-06-18 |
論文頁數 | 152頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
陳惠美(lilychen@mail.tku.edu.tw)
委員 - 陳淳麗(michelle@mail.usc.edu.tw) 委員 - 林怡弟(ytlin@mail.tku.edu.tw) |
關鍵字(中) |
英語聽力 |
關鍵字(英) |
listening comprehension |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
在台灣,英語並非被列為官方語,以至於大多數英語聽力學習者在日常生活中,因環境實質上缺乏適當且充足的語言交流刺激,而造就其學習動機之銳減。有鑑於此,英語教學者應妥善構思有效用的英語聽力學習方式,來啟發性地輔佐聽力學習意願之建立與增進。為了成就此教學標的,本實驗與淡江大學之兩班大一生合作,人數總計一百一十七位,個別來自於非英語系為主修之兩門學系,組別(一)為電機工程學系,組別(二)為化學系生化組,經由為期十三周之同步訓練,雙方個別接收其分配之多媒體聽力題材,組別(一)為電影聽力題材,組別(二)為廣播聽力題材,為了有效提出教學法上恰當的實際應用,這兩種不同模式的學習成效也經由先後三份測試和問卷訪查之分析結果來評比其優異,此三份測試之試題內容皆來自於全民英檢中級聽力測驗,研究結果顯示,相較於廣播題材裡語言之單一聽覺輸入,電影題材中,視訊畫面能賦予英聽學習者雙重感官輸入,而此同步化之視聽輸入能更有助於聽力學習者在解讀耳聞語言資訊與建立良好學習意願。因此,教學法上應妥善運用視覺輔助來協助英聽者在學習策略能力上的增進,適時克服因對語言或文化上不熟悉而導致形成之聽力障礙,進而之,有效提升英語聽力之理解程度。 |
英文摘要 |
In Taiwan, an EFL learning context in which the lack of sufficient available English-speaking auditory stimuli generally de-motivates many capable learners to diligently improve increasable listening skills. It is, thus, significant for teaching facilitators to thoughtfully provide inexperienced listeners with certain motivational and effective learning alternatives. To ideally fulfill such instructional requirement, this study attempted to present a total of 117 freshmen, from two non English major departments in Tamkang University, with the respectively well-designed multimedia-utilized listening materials: segmental film scenes and abridged broadcasting programs. 70 Electrical Engineering Department participants from Experimental Group 1 were provided with movie-viewing listening materials. Experimental Group 2, in which 47 subjects enrolled in the Department of Chemistry-Chemistry and Biochemistry Division, received broadcasting listening materials. The respective learning outcomes of these two programs were also comparatively investigated to pedagogically suggest the proper listening learning manner. Through the simultaneous 13-week term of listening training, the GEPT Intermediate level listening comprehension tests were utilized as the evaluative instruments, and the results of pretest, mid-test, posttest, and a survey were respectively as well as comparatively analyzed, afterwards. The results manifested that the extra presence of films’ visualized supplements could better assist the participants from Experimental Group 1 in decoding aurally received messages and in building up positive learning motivation. It is recommended that the pedagogically adequate employment of pictorial implements could successfully improve listening comprehension by the advantageous provision of visually strategic aids for unseasoned listeners to compensate for certain deficient knowledge areas such as the unfamiliarity with the target language’s culturally multi-faceted phenomena. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Overview of English Listening Learning 1.1.0 General Pedagogical Considerations for English Listening Learning 1.1.1 Specific Pedagogical Considerations for English Listening Learning 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Statement of the Purpose II. LITERATURE REVIEW 17 2.1 General Pedagogical Considerations for the Alternative Listening Materials 17 2.1.0 The Brief Description 17 2.1.1 The Characteristics of a Good Language Learner 17 2.1.2 English Listening Learning 18 2.1.3 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Environment 22 2.1.4 Learning Motivation 23 2.1.5 The Language-Culture Connection 25 2.1.6 Attitude 27 2.1.7 Meaningful Learning 28 2.1.8 Learning Strategies 29 2.1.9 Pragmatics 33 2.1.10 Incidental Learning 35 2.2 Specific Pedagogical Implications for Movie-Watching Listening Materials 36 2.2.0 The Brief Description 36 2.2.1 Learning Strategies 36 2.2.2 Pragmatics 37 2.2.3 Visual vs. Auditory Learning Style 39 2.2.4 Visual Aids 40 2.2.5 The Human Brain’s Right Hemisphere Function 42 2.2.6 Multiple Intelligences and Emotional Intelligence 43 2.2.7 Field Dependence (FD) vs. Field Independence (FI) Domination 44 2.2.8 McLaughlin’s Attention-Processing Model 46 2.2.9 Nonverbal Communication 47 III. METHODOLOGY 49 3.1 Overview 49 3.2 Participants 49 3.3 Materials 50 3.4 Instruments 56 3.4.1 Pretest and Posttest: See Appendix 1, 2, 3, and 4 56 3.4.2 Comprehension Question Sheets: See Appendix 5 59 3.4.3 Survey (Listening Material Selection): See Appendix 6 60 3.4.4 Survey (Listening Learning via Multimedia Utilization): See Appendix 7 61 3.5 Procedure 62 3.6 Data Collection and Data Analysis 66 IV. RESULTS 67 V. DISCUSSION 86 REFERENCES 96 Appendixes 1. Prest and Posttest (GEPT Intermediate Level Listening Comprehension Test) 106 2. Pretest and Posttest (GEPT Intermediate Level Listening Comprehension Test)—The Printed Texts Of Soundtracks 115 3. Comprehension Question Sheets 123 4. Survey (Listening Material selection) 143 5. Survey (listening learning via multimedia uttilization) 146 6. LTTC’s Announcement Of The Downloadable Avaliability Of The Provided GEPT Forms 149 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. The Comparative Mean Score of Pretest and Posttest 68 Table 2. Independent T-test Results on the Comparative Scorings in the Pretest 70 Table 3. Independent T-test Results on the Comparative Scorings in the Posttest 73 Table 4. Comparative Scores of the Survey (Listening Learning via Multimedia Utilization) 79 Table 4. 1 Film / Broadcasting Learning Efficiency 81 Table 4. 2 Learning Materials’ Satisfaction 81 Table 4.3 Learning Barriers’ Encountered Frequency 82 Table 4.4 Listening Ability’s Improvement 82 Table 4.5 Cultural Knowledge Enrichment 83 Table 4.6 Learning Motivation Enhancement 83 Table 4.7 Attention Span Prolongation 84 Table 4.8 Incidental Learning Achievement 84 Table 4.9 Holistic Learning Effectiveness 85 Table 4.10 Others 85 Table 5. Independent T-test Results of the Pretest 88 Table 6. Independent T-test Results of the Posttest 88 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Comparative Mean Scores of Pretest and Posttest 69 Figure 2. Degrees of Freedom in the Pretest 71 Figure 3. T-Value in the Pretest 71 Figure 4. Degrees of Freedom in the Posttest 74 Figure 5. T-Value in the Posttest 74 |
參考文獻 |
REFERENCES Anderson, A., & Lynch, T. (1988). Listening. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ausubel, David, A. (1968). Educational psychology: A cognitive view. New York: Holt, Rinehart &, Winson. Backstreet Boys. (Interviewees). (2008). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Blockbuster, Inc. (2009). Movie Categories. Retrieved March 20, 2009, from http://www.blockbuster.com/outlet/categories Brown, H. Douglas. (2000a). Principles of language learning and teaching, fourth edition. White Plains, NY: Longman. Brown, H. Douglas. (2000b). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy, second edition. White Plains, NY: Longman. Bruner, Jerome S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction. New York: W. W. Norton. Canale, Michael., & Swain, Merrill. (1980). Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied linguistics 1: 1-47. Chamot, Anna, Uhl., & O’ Malley, Michael. (1986). A cognitive academic language learning approach: An ESL Content-based Curriculum. Wheaton, MD: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. Chamot, Anna, Uhl., & O’ Malley, Michael. (1987). The cognitive academic language learning approach: Abridge to the mainstream. TESOL Quarterly 21: 227-249. Chamot, Anna, Uhl., Barnhart, Sarah., El-Dinary, Pamel, Beard., & Robins, Jill. (1999). The learning strategies handbook. White Plains, NY: Longman. Colbie, Caillat. (Interviewee). (2008). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Deci, Edward. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum Press. Deborah, A. Forte., & Bill, Carraro. (Producers), & Chris, Weitz., & Anand, Tucker. (Directors). (2007). The golden compass [Motion picture]. United Kingdom: New Line Cinema. Dunkel, Patricia. (1991). Listening in the native and second/foreign language: Toward an integration of research and practice. TESOL Quarterly 27: 548-50. Emily, David. (Interviewer). (2008). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Eric, Gau. (Speaker). (2008, May 4). EZ news [Compact disk]. Taipei: ICRT. Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of mind: the theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books. Gardner, Robert C., & Lambert, Wallace, E. (1972). Attitude and motivation in second language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. Goleman, Daniel. (1995) Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Hafernik, J., & Surguine, H. (1978). Using radio commercials as supplementary materials for teaching listening. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED152080). Harlow, Linda, L. (1990). Do they mean what they say? Sociopragmatic competence and second language learners. Modern Language Journal 74: 328-351. Henry, H. Lu. (Interviewer). (2008). What’s up in Taiwan [Compact Disk]. Taipei: WuiT. Holmes, Janet., & Brown, Dorothy, F. (1987). Teachers and students learning about compliments. TESOL Quarterly 21: 523-546. Houghton Mifflin Company. (2000). The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Retrieved October 26, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/visual aid Hulstijn, Jan, H. (1990). A comparison between the information-processing and the analysis/control approaches to language learning. Applied linguistics 11: 30-45. James, C. (1982). Are you listening? The practical components of listening comprehension. . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED226580). Jeffrey, Katzenberg., Aron, J. Warner., & John, H. Williams. (Producers), & Andrew, Adamson., Kelly, Asbury., & Conrad, Vernon. (Directors). (2004). Shrek 2 [Motion pictures]. United States: DreamWorks. Joseph, Lin. (Interviewer). (2007). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Joseph, Lin. (Interviewer). (2008). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Kasper, Gabrielle. (1998). Interlanguage pragmatics. In Byrnes 1998. Kasper, Gabrielle., & Blum, Kulka, Shoshana. (Eds.). (1993). Interlanguage pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press. Katie, Mundell., & Mary, Lynn, Redmond. (2006). The use of visuals in the high school Spanish classroom. Studies in Teaching: 2006 Research Digest. Research Projects Presented at Annual Research Forum. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED494888). Kitao, S. Kathleen., & Kitao, Kenji. (1985). Motivating students to learn English by combining slide presentations with reading and listening. . (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED268780). Krashen, Stephen. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Kevin, Feige., & Avi, Arad. (Producers), & Jon, Favreau. (Director). (2008). Iron man. [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures. Language Trainging & Tesing Center. (2002a). 「全民英語能力分級撿定測驗」預試試題公佈. Retrieved February 05, 2009, from http://www.gept.org.tw/download/download-2.htm Language Training & Testing Center. (2002b). A brief introduction to the GEPT. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.lttc.ntu.edu.tw/E_LTTC/gept_eng_main.htm Language Training & Testing Center. (2002c). Intermediate. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.lttc.ntu.edu.tw/E_LTTC/gept_eng_i.htm Language Training & Testing Center. (2002d). High-Intermediate. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.lttc.ntu.edu.tw/E_LTTC/gept_eng_hi.htm Liz, Tsai. (Speaker). (2008, April 12). EZ news [Compact disk]. Taipei: ICRT. LoCastro, Virginia. (1997). Politeness and pragmatic competence in foreign language education. Language Teaching Research 1: 239-267. Lorin, Mikyle, Hooker., & Joseph, Milner. (2006). Do you see what I see? Visual aids in the secondary English classroom. Studies in Teaching: 2006 Research Digest. Research Projects Presented at Annual Research Forum. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED494888). Markham, Paul., & Peter, Lizette. (2003). The influence of English language and Spanish language captions on foreign language listening/reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 31(3), 331-341. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. EJ774027). Meinhof, U. (1998). Language learning in the age of satellite television. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McLaughlin, Barry. (1978). The monitor model: Some methodological considerations. Language learning 28: 309-332. McLaughlin, Barry. (1987). Theories of second language learning. London: Edward Arnold. McLaughlin, Barry. (1990). Restructuring. Applied linguistics 11: 113-128. McLaughlin, Barry., Rossman, Tammi., & McLeod, Beverly. (1983). Second language learning: An information processing perspective. Language learning 33: 135-158. McLeod, Beverly., & McLaughlin, Barry. (1986). Restructuring or automaticity? Reading in a second language. Learning language 36: 109-123. O’ Malley, J. Michael., & Chamot, Anna, Uhl. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. New York: Cambridge University Press. O’ Malley, J. Michael., Chamot, Anna, Uhl., & Kupper, Lisa. (1989). Listening comprehension strategies in second language acquisition. Applied linguistics 10: 418-437. O’ Malley, J. Michael., Chamot, Anna, Uhl., & Walker, C. (1987). Some applications of cognitive theory to second language acquisition. Studies in second language acquisition 9: 287-306. O’ Malley, J. Michael., Chamot, Anna, Uhl., Stewner, Manzanares, Gloria., Kupper, Lisa., & Russo, Rocco, P. (1985a). Learning strategies used by beginning and intermediate ESL students. Language learning 35: 21-46. O’ Malley, J. Michael., Chamot, Anna, Uhl., Stener, Manzanares, Gloria., Rosso, Rocco P., & Kupper, Lisa. (1985b). Learning strategy application with students of English as a second language. TESOL Quarterly 19: 557-584. O’ Malley, J. Michael., Russo, Rucco, P., & Chamot, Anna, Uhl. (1983). A review of the literature on learning strategies in the acquisition of English as a second language: The potential for research applications. Rosslyn, VA: InterAmerica Research Associates. Patricia, Whitcher., Patty, Whitcher., & Laurence, Mark. (Producers), & Bill, Condon. (Director). (2006) Dreamgirls [Motion pictures]. United States: DreamWorks, Paramount Pictures. Penney, Finkelman, Cox., Sandra, Rabins., & David, Lipman. (Producers), & Andrew, Adamson., & Vicky, Jenson. (Directors). (2001). Shrek 1 [Motion pictures]. United States: DreamWorks. Peter, Robinson. (2001). Cognition and second language instruction. Cambridge University Press. Phillip, Alan, Epps. (Interviewee). (2008). What’s up in Taiwan [Compact Disk]. Taipei: WuiT. Random House, Inc. (2006). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved October 26, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference. com/browse/visual aids Richards, Jack, C. (1983). Listening comprehension: Approach, design, procedure. TESOL Quarterly 17: 219-39. Rost, M. (1994). Introducing listening. London: Penguin. Ur, Penny. (1984). Teaching listening comprehension. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rubin, Joan., & Thompson, Irene. (1982) How to be a more successful language learner. Boston: Heinle & Heinle. Second Edition, 1994. Savignon, Sandra, J. (1983). Communicative competence: Theory and classroom practice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Scollon, Ron. & Scollon, Suzanne, Wong. (1995). Intercultural communication: A discourse approach. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Sprayberry, Roslyn. (1993). Using multimedia to improve the aural proficiency of high school students of Spanish. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED358735). Steven, Spielberg., Brian, Goldner., & Michael, Bay. (Producers), & Michael, Bay. (Director). (2007). Transformer [Motion picture]. United States: Di Bonaventura Pictures, DreamWorks, & Paramount Pictures. Stevick, Earl. (1982). Teaching and learning languages. New York: Cambridge University Press. Stan, Lee., Kevin, Feige., & Avi, Arad. (Producers), & Sam, Raimi. (Director). (2007). Spider-man 3 [Motion pictures]. United States: Sony Pictures. Sullivan, Edmund, V. (1967). Piaget and the school curriculum: A critical appraisal. Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Tanya, Tsai. (Interviewee). (2007). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Tatsuki, Donna. (1999). Alleviating comprehension problems in movies. Working Paper. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED442276). Torrance, E. Paul. (1980). Your style of learning and thinking, forms B and C. Athens: University of Georgia Press. Turner, ken. (1995). The principal principles of pragmatic inference: Cooperation. Language teaching 28: 67-76. Turner, Ken. (1996). The principal principles of pragmatic inference: Politeness. Language teaching 29: 1-13. Yule, George., & Tarone, Elaine. (1990). Eliciting the performance of strategic competence. In Scarcella, Andersen, & Krashen 1990. Van, Ness, Wu. (Interviewee). (2007). Studio guests interviews [Compact disc]. Taipei: ICRT. Wikipedia Contributors. (2008). Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved October 28, 2008, from http://en,wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Notetaking&oldid=242881905 Wood, D. (1995). Good video movies for teaching English as a foreign or second language. Bulletin of the International Cultural Research Institute of Chikushi Jogakuen College. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED389225). |
論文全文使用權限 |
如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信