本研究探討成人依附風格、自尊與工作成癮傾向的相關性。綜觀過去研究，工作成癮因趨迫性內在感受與低控制強迫行為，被視為行為成癮，而個體不穩定的自我價值則被認為是成因之一。依附理論認為，成人的依附風格型塑個體對自我及外在世界的認知及互動模式，因此，不安全的依附風格影響成人生活中整體的內外在感受與行為。且因個體具有維持自尊的行為動機，透過工作以維持自尊的需求，也可能因為不同的內在自我評價而有所不同。因此，本研究將探討自尊、成人依附風格與工作成癮傾向的相關性，研究假設低自尊、不安全依附風格與工作成癮傾向具有顯著相關性，且自尊、不安全依附風格能預測工作成癮傾向。
研究工具採「人際依附風格量表」、「Rosenberg 自尊量表 」以及「工作成癮量表」，以便利取樣共招募262位年滿二十歲有一年以上工作經驗之成人為研究對象，分別進行描述統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與階層迴歸分析等統計方法進行數據分析。本研究結果主要發現如下：
一、不安全的依附類型中，「焦慮型依附」與「排除型依附」在工作成癮傾向上顯著高於「安全型依附」。
二、自尊與工作成癮傾向呈現負相關。
三、不安全的成人依附風格與低自尊可部分預測工作成癮傾向
3-1成人依附風格類型與自尊共同預測工作成癮傾向時，低自尊及排除型依附類型可預測工作成癮傾向。工作成癮傾向五因子中，低自尊可預測工作成癮測驗五因子中的「克制心情」、「自我專注」傾向，而自尊與依附風格類型兩自變項對於專注工作、保持忙碌、重視成果等三個因子無預測效果。
3-2成人依附風格類型與自尊共同預測工作成癮傾向時，自尊對於工作成癮傾向無預測效果；焦慮型依附傾向與逃避型依附傾向可預測工作成癮傾向。工作成癮傾向五因子中，自尊對於工作成癮傾向五因子無預測效果，焦慮型依附傾向與逃避型依附傾向可預測「克制心情」傾向、逃避型依附傾向可預測「專注工作」、「保持忙碌」、「重視成果」等三個傾向、焦慮型、逃避型與排除型依附傾向可預測「自我專注」傾向。
整體而言，本研究假設獲得部分支持，本研究根據結果提出進一步討論，並提供未來研究方向與實務上的建議。

This study aimed to explore the relationships between attachment style, self-esteem, and work addiction tendency. Work addiction is regarded as a behavior by internal drive feelings and obsessive-compulsive behavior. And the unstable self-worth is considered to be one of the causes of work addiction. According to adult attachment theory, insecure attachment styles have the significant influence on internal feelings and external behaviors in adult life. Because of having the motivation to maintain self-esteem, individuals’ requirement to safeguard self-esteem through working effort may be different from variant self-evaluation. The hypotheses are: low self-esteem, insecure attachment styles and work addiction tendency have significant correlation. And self-esteem, insecure attachment styles could predict work addiction tendency. Questionnaire survey was used as the method of the present study, and data were collected by Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, The Attachment Scales, and Work Addiction Risk Test. The present study recruited 262 participants adult are over 20 years old and one year working experience above. The results of the study are: 
1.	Among the unsafe attachment types, "anxious attachment" and " dismissing attachment" were significantly higher than "safe attachment" in job addiction.
2.	Self-esteem correlated negatively with work addiction tendency. 
3.	Unsafe adult attachment types and low self-esteem could partially predict work addiction tendency and five factors of WART.  
3-1. The adult attachment style types and self-esteem predict the work addiction tendency: low self-esteem and the dismissing type can predict the work addiction tendency. Among the five factors of work addiction tendency, low self-esteem can predict the tendency of “constrained mood” and “self-focus” in the five factors of work addiction test, while the self-esteem and attachment style types which are self-respecting, focusing on work, staying busy, and paying attention to results. The three factors are not predictive.
3-2. The adult dependency styles and self-esteem predict job addiction tendency, self-esteem has no predictive effect on work addiction tendency; preoccupied tendency and fearful tendency can predict work addiction tendency. Among the five factors of job addiction tendency, self-esteem has no predictive effect on the five factors of work addiction tendency. preoccupied attachment tendency and fearful attachment tendency can predict the tendency of "constrained mood", and the tendency of escape attachment can predict "focus on work" and "maintain The three tendencies of preoccupied preoccupied、dismissing and fearful.
 In sum, the hypotheses of current research were partially supported. According to the findings, here are some suggestions and implication for further research and participate in the future.

目次
第一章 緒論...........................1
第一節 研究動機與目的..................1
第二節 名詞釋義.......................3
第二章 文獻探討.......................6
第一節 工作成癮傾向的內涵與定義.........6
第二節 工作成癮傾向之成因與測量.........11
第三節 成人人際依附風格與工作成癮傾向....17
第四節 自尊與工作成癮傾向...............28
第五節 研究架構與假設...................32
第三章 研究方法........................34
第一節 研究參與者......................34
第二節 研究工具........................34
第三節 施測程序........................37
第四章 研究結果........................39
第一節 研究變項在背景變項的差異檢定......42
第二節「工作成癮傾向」在「人際依附風格類型」之差異分析	.......................................45
第三節「自尊」與「工作成癮傾向」的相關....49
第四節「人際依附風格類型」與「自尊」對「工作成癮傾向」的 預測	.......................................50
第五節「人際依附風格傾向」與「自尊」對「工作成癮傾向」的預測	.......................................57
第五章 綜合討論.........................64
第一節 本研究主要結果與發現..............65
第二節 研究貢獻、限制與建議..............71

參考文獻...............................73
中文文獻	73
英文文獻	75
附錄	84
附錄一 研究參與者問卷.....84
附錄二 量表使用同意書.....91
表次
表2-3-1  Bartholomew與Horowitz 的依附模型........22
表4-1  本研究變項之描述性統計資料.................40
表4-2  本研究與過去研究之工作成癮測驗得分對照表....41
表4-1-1 研究參與者之基本背景變項..................42
表4-1-2 工作成癮傾向在性別之獨立樣本t檢定摘要表....43
表4-1-3 工作成癮傾向在教育程度之變異數分析摘要表...44
表4-1-4 工作成癮傾向在產業別之變異數分析摘要表.....44
表4-2-1 工作成癮傾向在人際依附風格類型之單題平均數與標準差	................................................47
表4-2-2 工作成癮傾向在人際依附風格類型之變異數分析摘要表	................................................48
表4-3-1 自尊與工作成癮之積差相關摘要表.............49
表4-4-1 人際依附風格類型與自尊對工作成癮傾向之階層迴歸分析摘要表...............................................51
表4-4-2 人際依附風格類型與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之一-克制心情-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................52
表4-4-3 人際依附風格類型與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之二-專注工作-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................53
表4-4-4 人際依附風格類型與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之三-保持忙碌-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................54
表4-4-5 人際依附風格類型與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之四-重視成果-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................55
表4-4-6 人際依附風格類型與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之五-自我專注-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................56
表4-5-1 人際依附風格傾向與自尊對工作成癮傾向之階層迴歸分析摘要表...............................................57
表4-5-2 人際依附風格傾向與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之一-克制心情-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................58
表4-5-3 人際依附風格傾向與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之二-專注工作-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................59
表4-5-4 人際依附風格傾向與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之三-保持忙碌-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................60
表4-5-5 人際依附風格傾向與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之四-重視成果-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................61
表4-5-6 人際依附風格傾向與自尊對工作成癮傾向五因子之五-自我專注-階層迴歸分析摘要表..............................62

圖次
圖 2-2-1 工作成癮理論模型..........................12
圖 2-3-1 內在運作模式的運作機轉....................20
圖 2-6-1 研究架構圖...............................32

中文文獻
孔繁鐘、孔繁錦（譯）（2000）。物質關聯疾患。載於，DSM-IV 精神疾病診斷準則手冊（109-148頁）（原作者：American Psychiatric Association）新北市：合記圖書出版社（原著出版年：1996）。
王慶福（2000）。當男孩愛上女孩：人際依附風格類型搭配、愛情關係與關係適應之研究。中華輔導學報，8 ，177-201。
王慶福、林幸台、張德榮（1997）。人際依附風格, 性別角色取向與人際親密能力之評量。中國測驗學會測驗年刊，44（2），63-78。
台灣精神醫學會（譯）（2014）。物質相關及成癮障礙症。載於，DSM-5精神疾病診斷準則手冊（227-283頁）（原作者：American Psychiatric Association）新北市：合記圖書出版社（原著出版年：2014）。
呂怡萱（2016）。共依附特質者的工作壓力研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國防大學，桃園縣。
吳麗娟、蔡秀玲、杜淑芬、方格正與鄧文章（譯）（2017）。人際歷程取向。載於吳麗娟（主編），人際歷程取向治療－整合模式（31-35頁）（原作者：E. Teyber & F. H. Teyber）。台北市：雙葉。
巫博瀚、賴英娟、施慶麟（2013）。Rosenberg自尊量表之試題衡鑑: 評等量尺模型的應用。測驗學刊，60（2），263-289。
林怡萱（譯）（2003）。我們嫁給了工作（原作者：I. J. Philipson）。新北市：大塊文化（原著出版年：2002）。
林旻沛（2012）。這些年,我們一起關心的網路成癮-漫談網路成癮的定義,衡鑑及心理治療。臨床心理通訊，50，10-18。
 
周慕姿（2014）。「我，有那麼好嗎？」—從早年成長經驗脈絡，理解具單親家庭經驗獨生子女形成「假冒者現象」之歷程（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺北教育大學，台北市。
周榮、周倩（1997）。網路上癮現象, 網路使用行為與傳播快感經驗之相關性初探, 中華傳播學會 1997年會發表之論文，台北市國立政治大學。
洪嘉均、蔡佩蓁（2012）。病態性賭博: 從衝動控制疾患到成癮疾患。台灣精神醫學會-精神疾病診斷及統計手冊第五版通訊，2（4），頁3-5。
孫頌賢、修慧蘭（2007）。成人依附的測量：成人世界中不同依附對象的測量差異與關連。中華心理衛生學刊，20（1），31-51。
徐子文（2015）。正向解釋訓練對社交焦慮傾向者之解釋偏誤、自尊、焦慮狀態之影響—以大學生為例（未出版之碩士論文）。輔仁大學，新北市。
陳淑惠（2002）。網路沈迷現象的心理需求與適應觀點研究 （二）：網路沈迷大學生之心理治療研究。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告（編號：NSC- 90-2625-Z-002-034），未出版。
陳淑惠（2003）。擬像世界中的真實心理問題? 從心理病理實徵研究談起。學生輔導，86，16-35。
陳淑惠、翁儷禎、蘇逸人、吳和懋、楊品鳳（2003）。中文網路成癮量表之編製與心理計量特性研究。中華心理學刊，45（3），279-294。
曾于庭（2016）。國小教師成人依附風格、獨處能力與愛情關係滿意度之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
曾威豪（2009）。助人工作者之不同成人依附風格、個體化與同理心之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，台北市。
黃于娟（1994）。性別、依附風格與自我坦露、幽默、撒嬌之關係（未出版之碩士論文）。國立政治大學，台北市。
黃玉蓮、陳淑惠（2011）。成人依戀量表台灣修訂版的心理計量特性與預測心理適應之探討。中華心理學刊，53（2），209-227。
黃瑞傑（2009）。史羅二氏工作狂量表中文版心理計量特質驗證及其前因後果模式相關因素之驗證研究（未出版之博士論文）。國立臺灣科技大學，台北市。
黃瑞傑、王豫萱（2013）。工作狂與情緒耗竭, 工作-家庭衝突之關係: 個體間差異的調節效果。東吳經濟商學學報，83，1-42。
黃瑞傑、王豫萱、胡昌亞（2011）。羅氏工作成癮測驗-中文版心理計量特質之檢驗。測驗學刊，58，665-690。
廖郁芳（2010）。國小教師自尊與工作狂熱關連之探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立嘉義大學，嘉義市。
鄭伊真（2011）。Rosenberg自尊量表中文版的修訂分析（未出版之碩士論文）。國立成功大學，台南市。
鄭羽舜（2017）。競爭心理氣候、完美主義人格特質、 工作狂熱之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。
蘇訓巧（2005）。聽覺障礙成人自我概念及其相關因素之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立屏東師範學院，屏東縣。
蘇蕙君（2007）。專業人員工作狂傾向之研究－以高科技產業工程師為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立中山大學，高雄市。
英文文獻
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716. 
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
American Addident Center. (2017, July 25). Behavioral Addictions.[Web message] Retrieved from https://americanaddictioncenters.org/behavioral-addictions/
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244. 
Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York, NY: General Learning Press.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349. 
Berk, L. E. (2012). Child Development. New York, NY: Pearson.
Bonebright, C. A., Clay, D. L., & Ankenmann, R. D. (2000). The relationship of workaholism with work-life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 74(4), 469-477. 
Bowlby, J. (1969).Attachment and Loss:Vol.1, Attachment(2nd ed). New York, NY: Basic. 
Bowlby, J. (1973).Attachment and Loss:Vol.2, Separation, anxiety, and anger. New York, NY: Basic.
Bowlby, J. (1980).Attachment and Loss:Vol.3, Loss: sadness and depression. New York, NY: Basic.
Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. London: Routledge.
Brenner, V. (1997). Psychology of computer use: XLVII. Parameters of Internet use, abuse and addiction: the first 90 days of the Internet Usage Survey. Psychological reports, 80(3), 879-882. 
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes. (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships. (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford
Burke, R. J. (2000b). Workaholism in organizations: psychological and physical well‐being consequences. Stress Medicine, 16(1), 11-16.
Burke, R. J. (2001c). Workaholism components, job satisfaction, and career progress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31(11), 2339-2356. 
Burke, R. J. (2004). Workaholism, self-esteem, and motives for money. Psychological Reports, 94(2), 457-463.
Burke, R. J., & Matthiesen, S. (2004). Workaholism among Norwegian journalists: Antecedents and consequences. Stress and Health, 20(5), 301-308.
Clark, M. A., Lelchook, A. M., & Taylor, M. L. (2010). Beyond the Big Five: How narcissism, perfectionism, and dispositional affect relate to workaholism. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 786-791
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1994). Cognitive representation of adult attachment: The structure and function of working model. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Attachment Process in adulthood Vol.5: Advanced in personal  relationships (pp. 53-59). London, England: Jessica Kingsley.
Dunkley, D. M., Berg, J. L., & Zuroff, D. C. (2012). The role of perfectionism in daily self‐esteem, attachment, and negative affect. Journal of Personality, 80(3), 633-663.
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. New York, NY: W. W. Norton.
Estevez, A., Jauregui, P., Sanchez-Marcos, I., Lopez-Gonzalez, H., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Attachment and emotion regulation in substance addictions and behavioral addictions. Journal of behavioral addictions, 6(4), 534-544.
Eysenck, H. (1997). Addiction, personality and motivation. Human Psychopharmacology-Clinical and Experimental, 12(2), 79-87. 
 
Taylor, E. P., Couper, R., & Butler, C. M. (2017). Adolescent perfectionism: Structural features of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and correlates with attachment and psychopathology. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 90(4), 686-704.
Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Lian, H., & Keeping, L. M. (2009). When does self-esteem relate to deviant behavior? The role of contingencies of self-worth. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1345-1353. 
Flowers, C. P., & Robinson, B. (2002). A structural and discriminant analysis of the Work Addiction Risk Test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 62(3), 517-526. 
Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationship (pp.77-114). New York, NY:The Guilford Press. 
Griffiths, M. (1995). Technological addictions. Clinical Psychology Forum, 76, 14-19.
Griffiths, M. (2000). Internet addiction-time to be taken seriously? Addiction research, 8(5), 413-418. 
Hardy, G. E., & Barkham, M. (1994). The relationship between interpersonal attachment styles and work difficulties. Human Relations, 47(3), 263-281. 
Harms, P. D. (2011). Adult attachment styles in the workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 285-296.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 511-524. 
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(2), 270-280. 

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1993). Adult romantic attachment: Theory and evidence. Advances in personal relationships, 4, 29-70. 
Hirschman, E. C. (1992). The consciousness of addiction: Toward a general theory of compulsive consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(2), 155-179. 
Jockin, V., Arvey, R. D., & McGue, M. (2001). Perceived victimization moderates self-reports of workplace aggression and conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(6), 1262-1269. 
Judge, T. A., & Bono, J. E. (2001). Relationship of core self-evaluations traits—self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability—with job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 80-92. 
Kring, A. M., Johnson, S. L., Davison, G. C., & Neale, J. M. (2014). Abnormal Psychology, 13th Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lewis, M. (1994).Does attachment imply a relationship or multiple relationships?.Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 47-51.
Machlowitz, M. (1980). Workaholics, living with them, working with them. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Mathews, B., & Halbrook, M. (1990). Adult children of alcoholics: Implications for career development. Journal of Career Development, 16(4), 261-268. 
McMillan, L. W. H., O’Driscoll, M. P., Marsh, N. V., & Brady, E. C. (2001). Understanding workaholism: Data synthesis, theoretical critique, and future design strategies. International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 69-92. 
McMillan, L. W. H., Brady, E. C., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Marsh, N. V. (2002). A multifaceted validation study of Spence and Robbins’ (1992) Workaholism Battery. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(3), 357-368. 
Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R. (1990). Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 273-280. 
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment theory and emotions in close relationships: Exploring the attachment‐related dynamics of emotional reactions to relational events. Personal Relationships, 12(2), 149-168. 
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood : Structure, dynamics, and change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Ng, T. W. H., Sorensen, K. L., & Feldman, D. C. (2007). Dimensions, antecedents, and consequences of Workaholism: A conceptual integration and extension. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28, 111-136. 
Neustadt, E., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2006). The relationship between personality traits, self-esteem, and attachment at work. Journal of Individual Differences, 27(4), 208-217. 
Neustadt, E., Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2011). Attachment at work and performance. Attachment & human development, 13(5), 471-488.
Nistor, G. (2014). Workaholism: A New Challenge for Organisation Management. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 295-300. 
Oates, W. E. (1968). On being a “Workaholic”. Pastoral Psychology, 19(8), 16-20. 
Oates, W. E. (1971). Confessions of a workaholic: The facts about work addiction: World Publishing Company.
Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2005). Job stress, incivility, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): The moderating role of negative affectivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(7), 777-796. 
 
Pierce, J. L., & Gardner, D. G. (2004). Self-esteem within the work and organizational context: A review of the organization-based self-esteem literature. Journal of management, 30(5), 591-622. 
Pietromonaco, P. R., Barrett, L. F., & Powers, S. I. (2006). Adult attachment theory and affective reactivity and regulation. Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health, 1, 57-74. 
Porter, G. (1996). Organizational impact of workaholism: Suggestions for researching the negative outcomes of excessive work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(1), 70-84. 
Potijk, M. R., Janszky, I., Reijneveld, S. A., & Falkstedt, D. (2015). Risk of coronary heart disease in men with poor emotion regulation: a prospective study. In Potijk, M. (Ed.), Moderate prematurity, socioeconomic status, and neurodevelopment in early childhood: A life course perspective (pp.96-101). Groningen, Nederland：University of Groningen
Richards, D. A., & Schat, A. C. (2011). Attachment at (not to) work: applying attachment theory to explain individual behavior in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 169-182. 
Robinson, B. E. (1989).  Work addiction: Hidden legacies of adult children. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications. 
Robinson, B. E. (1998). Chained to the desk: A guidebook for workaholics, their partners and children and the clinicians who treat them. New York, NY: NYU Press. .
Robinson, B. E. (1999). The Work Addiction Risk Test: Development of a tentative measure of workaholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 199-210.


Robinson, B. E., & Kelley, L. (1998). Adult children of workaholics: Self-concept, anxiety, depression, and locus of control. American Journal of Family Therapy, 26(3), 223-238. 
Robinson, B. E., & Post, P. (1994). Validity of the Work Addiction Risk Test. Perceptualand Motor Skills, 78, 337-338.
Robinson, B. E., & Post, P. (1997). Risk of addiction to work and family functioning. Psychological reports, 81(1), 91-95. 
Robinson, B. E., Flowers, C. P., & Carroll, J. (2001). Work stress and marriage: A theoretical model examining the relationship between workaholism and marital cohesion. International Journal of Stress Management, 8, 165-175.
Rogers, C. R. (1959). A Theory of Therapy, Personality, and Interpersonal Relationships: As Developed in the Client-Centered Framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A Study of a Science. Formulations of the Person and the Social Context ( pp. 184-256). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Rhenen, W. V. (2008). Workaholism, burnout, and work Engagement: Three of a kind or hree different kinds of employee well-being? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57, 173-203. 
Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., & Taris, T. W. (2009). Being driven to work excessively hard: The evaluation of a two-factor measure of workaholism in the Netherlands and Japan. Cross-Cultural Research, 43(4), 320-348. 
Seybold, K. C., & Salomone, P. R. (1994). Understanding workaholism: A review of causes and counseling approaches. Journal of Counseling & Development, 73(1), 4-9. 
Shimazu, A., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Shimada, K., & Kawakami, N. (2011). Workaholism and well-being among Japanese dual-earner couples: A spillover-crossover perspective. Social Science & Medicine, 73(3), 399-409. 
Shkoler, O., Rabenu, E., & Tziner, A. (2017). The dimensionality of workaholism and its relations with internal and external factors. Journal of work and organizational psychology, 33(3), 193-203.
Simpson, J. A., Rholes, W. S., & Nelligan, J. S. (1992). Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62(3), 434-446. 
Spence, J. T., & Robbins, A. S. (1992). Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 160-178. 
Sprankle, J. K., & Ebel, H. (1987). The workaholic syndrome. New York, NY: Walker Publishing.
Taris, T. W., Schaufeli, W. B., & Verhoeven, L. C. (2005). Internal and external validation of the Dutch Work Addiction Risk Test: Implications for jobs and non-work conflict. Journal of Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54, 37-60. 
Tziner, A., & Tanami, M.(2013). Examining the links between attachment,  perfectionism, and job motivation potential with job engagement and workaholism.Journal of work and organizational psychology, 29, 65-74.
Veld, E. M.J. H. i., Vingerhoets, Ad J.J.M., & Denollet, J. (2011). Attachment style and self-esteem: The mediating role of Type D personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7).