英文摘要 |
Mobilization is an important measure for maintaining national security. The quality and effectiveness of the system concerns the survival and development of a nation. With the change of war patterns, the concept of mobilization has also evolved. Since the introduction of the concept of “All-out Defense” in 1992 and the promulgation of “All-out Defense Mobilization Readiness Act” in 2001, the mobilization system of our nation has entered a brand new stage. In the present, our national mobilization system is not designed to be merely an “All-out Defense Mobilization System” for warfare purposes. It is also closely related to the “Disaster Prevention and Protection System” and the “Civil Defense System”. However, in order to understand the essence of our national mobilization system, it is advisable to first investigate the content of the All-out Defense Mobilization System and then explore how it interacts with other systems.
The All-out Defense Mobilization System employs a committee and plan dual-guidance system, where the mobilization committees at all levels serve as the decision-making and negotiation platform and mobilization plans provide the foundation for carrying out mobilization tasks. In addition, mobilization operations are oriented towards satisfying the needs of military units under the support of other administrative departments. Therefore, there is no permanent agency in the Executive Yuan serving as the highest authority of mobilization. Instead, mobilization operations are divided into military mobilization and administrative mobilization. Administrative mobilization includes mobilization in 7 areas, including spiritual, human resources, financial, transportation, health, and technology, and the tasks are shared among all the agencies concerned. The General Organization of All-out Defense Capabilities is responsible for coordinating military mobilization and administrative mobilization operations and strengthening the potential for mobilization. It will also launch mobilization drills on a yearly basis to examine the mobilization capabilities of our nation.
Although the mobilization system of our nation is not obstructed at the moment, some concerns about its operations have been raised. For instance, in the aspect of military mobilization, the insufficient duration of educational re-assembly of military service poses a threat to the military reserve force; the inadequacy of items covered in the material resources survey makes it hard to meet the operational requirements. In terms of mobilization organization, no dedicated agency has been established in the central government; most personnel handling administrative mobilization are responsible for multiple tasks across different areas and may simply go through the motions when dealing with a mobilization operation. In the legal aspect, the legal foundation of the “All-out Defense Mobilization Readiness Act” is weak. This Act is subject to a limited binding force and there is no clause or regulation governing mobilization during wartime. As to other mobilization systems, the operation of the Disaster Prevention and Protection System relies on the resources from the All-out Defense Mobilization System, which entails a risk of weakening the military force. Besides, the operation of the Civil Defense System is also waning. The above problems should be urgently addressed. Especially when faced with immense military threats of China, our nation should pay greater attention to mobilization so as to fulfill the goal of all-out defense. |