系統識別號 | U0002-0309201815010100 |
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DOI | 10.6846/TKU.2018.00091 |
論文名稱(中文) | 與甘比亞河的對話(傳統現代化:藉竹構與生態觀光發現傳統建築新風貌) |
論文名稱(英文) | Dialogue with the river Gambia (Modernity in Tradition: Exploring the new Vernacular Architecture by integrating the bamboo tectonic with ecotourism) |
第三語言論文名稱 | |
校院名稱 | 淡江大學 |
系所名稱(中文) | 建築學系碩士班 |
系所名稱(英文) | Department of Architecture |
外國學位學校名稱 | |
外國學位學院名稱 | |
外國學位研究所名稱 | |
學年度 | 106 |
學期 | 2 |
出版年 | 107 |
研究生(中文) | 卡睿塔 |
研究生(英文) | KARANTA SONKO |
學號 | 604365030 |
學位類別 | 碩士 |
語言別 | 英文 |
第二語言別 | |
口試日期 | 2018-07-03 |
論文頁數 | 66頁 |
口試委員 |
指導教授
-
賴怡成
委員 - 周書賢 委員 - 顏亮平 |
關鍵字(中) |
生態旅遊 鄉土建築 竹構造 棲息地 數位構築 |
關鍵字(英) |
Ecotourism Vernacular Architecture Bamboo tectonics Habitat digital fabrication |
第三語言關鍵字 | |
學科別分類 | |
中文摘要 |
甘比亞是位在西非的一個小國,邊界緊鄰著甘比亞河與鄰國塞內加爾 分隔。有著多樣的地理條件,如濕地,森林廣布,美麗的海岸線,候 鳥遷徙路線等。此國家有豐富且獨特的生態資源,及美麗的生態觀光 景點。據統計,甘比亞約有540 種鳥類,大部分鳥類可見於沿海地區 有些則在內陸地區。 甘比亞河與甘比亞息息相關,兩者密不可分。 甘比亞河是主要的旅遊 景點,以貫穿全國中心而聞名。紅樹林遍布於下游河口,河流中段為 寬闊的蘆葦帶,而在水源清新的河岸兩旁則有綠樹成林。 而近年來,自然保護區、賞鳥以及生態觀光的興盛,加上該國擁有豐 富生態且充滿生機,從大草原到紅樹林和濕地,各種景觀和許多不同 的動物。充分的使甘比亞成為旅遊和度假的著名勝地。 為了將生態觀光與社區做結合,我們希望在甘比亞河岸附近設計一個 生態設施或鳥類觀測塔。 此建築不僅促使遊客前來觀光,同時增加居 民與遊客間的文化交流。考量現生態觀光與現有建築間的衝突及為棲 息地帶來的影響,本論文旨在研究及設計合適的建築:以竹子做主要 結構,3D 列印支架為輔,能DIY (do it yourself)的設計。 此論文主要以質性研究為基礎。首先,會在第二章以文獻探討做為概 述。本研究的主要論述著重於發展甘比亞河沿岸的生態觀光。研究目 的在於評估永續發展與經濟成長、社會公平和環境保護三者間的關 係。接著將透過研究及設計兩個部分,做出最終建築模型。並將研究 與設計做結合,把研究所蒐集到的資料實踐於設計中。 建築將位在離Banjul165 公里的地方。位在Kiang west 國家公園和 Boa bolong 濕地保護區之間。坐落在甘比亞河畔,受四周林地,眾多 鳥類,山豬和其他野生動物圍繞。 因不恰當的旅遊開發建設可能會破壞棲息地和景觀,消耗自然資源, 帶來汙染。 當地社區也需要更好,更健康的居住環境。 社區與遊客 之間未建立起關係,這已成為幾十年來普遍存在的社會,文化和經濟 問題。 而這個問題可通過可透過知識社區的共同結構來解決,發展永續建築 或現傳統建築的現代化及教育當地居民和旅遊業來達成。 例如能讓社 區居民參與建設過程,進而學習如何照顧及管理周圍環境。通過這種 方式,使環境的人類文化福祉可永續經營發展,且遊客可以一同參與 社區互動。 |
英文摘要 |
The Gambia is a small country in West Africa whose borders follow the Gambia River and carve out a slice of neighboring Senegal. The country has a wide variety of geographical features such as the wetlands, forest cover, beautiful coastline, and migratory routes for birds etc. The country is rich and unique in ecological resources, with wonderful ecotourism resorts. According to statistics, The Gambia has about 540 species of birds, most of which each can be seen along the coastline and some in the inland of the country. The Gambia River is the Gambia and the Gambia is the river Gambia. It is a major tourist attraction and the dominant feature running through the heart of the country. In the lower estuary, mangroves dominate the riverside, with extensive reed belts in the in-between zone, while where the water is fresh, the banks are lined with gallery forest. In recent years however, nature reserves, bird watching, and the rise of ecotourism has made the Gambia an increasingly well-known travel and holiday destination. And for good reason. The country is home to vibrant ecosystems, varied landscapes and many different animal species. From savannahs to mangroves and wetlands. We want to design an Eco-tourist facility and/or a bird observatory tower near the bank of the river Gambia that will connect to the community. This will accommodate not only tourists coming to visit the area, but also local people that are going to interact with the tourists within a social and cultural aspect. This thesis is aiming to study and develop a sustainable model for the conflict that exists between architecture and eco-tourism because of current practices and their impact on natural habitat. Using bamboo as the main material for construction. Supported by the 3D printed joints. Which can be “do-it-yourself (DIY)”. The basic research methodology used in this research was qualitative. Firstly, I conducted a literatures review as outlined in the second chapter. The primary discourse of this research focuses on the practices of ecotourism in a place along the river Gambia. Exploring this issue is considered an important aspect in examining the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic growth, social equity, and environmental conservation. The following steps will be adopted in two phases to come up with the final design. Research phase and Design phase. The design phase will orient itself on creating proper design of thesis topic selected where the combination of all knowledge gathered form research phase would be applied. The site is located nearly 165 kilometers from Banjul. The site is located between Kiang west national park and Boa bolong wetland reserve. It is situated on the banks of the river Gambia, surrounded by woodland with plenty of birds, bush hogs and other wildlife. Inappropriate tourism development and practice can degrade habitats and landscapes, deplete natural resources, and generate waste and pollution. The local community is also in need of a better and healthy living. This has become a social, cultural, and economical issue prevalent for decades since there hasn’t been an established relationship between the local community and the tourist. A way to approach this issue is through the education of the local people and tourism through sustainable architecture and development. Community knowledge can be increased through environmental sustainable building techniques or new building techniques in vernacular architecture. Perhaps the community gets involve in the construction process, so they learn how to take care of their surroundings and its stewardship. In this way the sustainability of well-being of human cultures that inhibit those environments are sustained, and tourists can get engaged through community learning and interaction. |
第三語言摘要 | |
論文目次 |
CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 2 1.1 The Gambia River 3 1.2 Tourism in the Gambia 6 1.3 Architecture of the Gambia 7 2. Objectives 10 3. Methodology and Steps 11 Chapter 2 Literature review 14 2.1 Ecotourism and Architecture 14 2.1.1 Nature and Landscape 15 2.2.2 Vernacular Architecture 17 2.3.3 Local participation in ecotourism. 19 2.2 Modernity in Tradition 20 2.2.1 Traditional construction materials 20 2.2.2 Bamboo tectonics 21 2.2.3 New Technology 24 2.3 Conclusion: Exploring the new vernacular architecture by integrating the bamboo tectonic with eco- tourism 26 Chapter 3: Case Study 28 3.1. (Structure) Ford calumet environmental center 28 3.2 (Program) Bay of fires lodge 30 3.3 (Landscape) Ridgetop Retreats. 32 3.4 (Material) Chalalan Ecolodge 34 Chapter 4 Site Analysis and strategy 38 4.1 Site analysis 38 4.1.2 Vegetation and landscape 41 4.1.3 Bird’s habitat. 42 4.1.4 Public usage 45 4.2 Site Strategy 45 4.2.1 Zone strategy 45 4.2.2 Program strategy 46 4.2.3 Vegetation strategy . 47 4.2.4 Material Study 49 Chapter: 5 Design experiment 54 Site Section. 55 Chapter: 6 Conclusion 63 6.1 Main findings and future study . 63 REFERENCE 65 Reference Website 66 Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics 66 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1.1UNTOUCHED LANDS OF THE GAMBIA (SOURCE: RIVER GAMBIA NATIONAL PARK) 1 FIGURE 1.2 BIRD WATCHING IN THE GAMBIA (SOURCE: HTTPS://WWW.GAMBIA.CO.UK) 2 FIG. 1.3MAP OF THE GAMBIA (SOURCE: WWW.ACCESSGAMBIA.COM) 3 FIG. 1.4 DENSE MANGROVE SWAMPS ALONG THE RIVER GAMBIA (SOURCE: WWW.ROBERTHARDING.COM) 4 FIG: 1.5 PALM OIL TREES ALONG THE RIVER GAMBIA (SOURCE: RIVER GAMBIA NATIONAL PARK) 4 FIG: 1.6 RIVER RESOURCES (SOURCE: WWW.GDRC.ORG/OCEANS/RIVER-MGMT.HTML ) 5 FIG: 1.7 DETAIL MAP OF THE GAMBIA (SOURCE: WWW.ACCESSGAMBIA.COM) 6 FIG: 1.8 TOURISTS ENJOYING THE GAMBIA SANDY BEACH (SOURCE: THE GAMBIA TOURISM BOARD) 7 FIG: 1.13 CONSTRUCTION METHODS (SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.ARCHITECTBUDS.YOLASITE.COM/) 9 FIG: 1.15 MODERN ARCHITECTURE OF THE GAMBIA (SOUREC:ACCESSGAMBIA.GM) 10 FIG 1.16MODERN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF THE GAMBIA (SOURCE: ACCESSGAMBIA.GM) 10 FIG: 1.17 FLOWCHART SHOWING THE FRAMEWORK 12 FIG: 2. 1MAKASUTU ECO-LODGE THE GAMBIA (SOURCE:MAKASUTU) 14 FIG.2.2 CHART SHOWING THE LANDSCAPE OF THE GAMBIA (SOURCE: WW.GBOS.GOV.GM) 16 FIG. 2.3 NATURAL LANDSCAPE ALONG THE RIVER GAMBIA (SOURCE: DREAMSTIME.COM) 17 FIG. 2.4 TYPICAL GAMBIAN VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE (SOURCE: WWW.AFRICAVERNACULARARCHITECTURE.COM/GALLERY/GAMBIA/) 17 FIG. 2.5 DETAILS OF THE VERNACULAR CONSTRUCTION (SOURCE: WWW.AFRICAVERNACULARARCHITEC TURE.COM/GALLERY/GAMBIA/) 18 FIG. 2.6 ART WORK ON SOME VERNACULAR BUILDING IN THE RURAL GAMBIA (SOURCE: THECULTURETRIP.COM/GAMBIA) 19 FIG. 2.7 TRADITIONAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS (SOURCE: MEDIUM.COM) 21 IG.2.8 BAMBOO CONNECTION WITH ROPE (SOURCE: HTTP://BAMBOO.WIKISPACES.ASU.EDU) 22 FIG. 2.9 JOINING AND FIXATION OF BAMBOO POLES (SOURCE: WWW.GUADUABAMBOO.COM) 22 FIG. 2.10 DIFFERENT JOINING TECHNIQUE OF BAMBOO POLES (SOURCE: GUADUABAMBOO) 22 FIG. 2.12 METAL CONNECTION (SOURCE: I.PINIMG.COM) 23 FIG. 2.13 TIMELINE OF 3D PRINTING (SOURCE: WWW.3DERS.ORG) 24 FIG. 2.14 3D PRINTED JOINTS 25 FIG. 3.3 SECTION THROUGH THE LAB AND SOUTH PORCH FIG. 3.4 SECTION THROUGH THE AUDITORIUM 28 FIG. 3.5 SITE PLAN (SOURCE: ARCHDAILY.COM) 29 FIG. 3.6 1SUSTAINABLE FEATURES OF THE BUILDING FIG. 3.7 THE MAIN CONCEPT OF THE SCREEN DESIGN 29 FIG. 3.8 PORCH AREA (SOURCE: ARCHDAILY.COM) FIG. 3.9 BAY OF FIRES LODGE WALK (SOURCE: ARCHDAILY.COM) 30 FIG. 3.10 INSIDE VIEW (SOURCE: ARCHDAILY.COM) FIG. 3.11 SITE ANALYSIS SUN PATH AND WIND DIRECTION 30 FIG. 3.12 WIND AND SUNLIGHT DIAGRAMS FIG. 3.13 DESIGN AND STRUCTURE 31 FIG. 3.14 1 SUN DIAGRAM 31 FIG. 3.15 RIDGE TOP RETREAT (SOURCE: FLEURIEUCOAST.COM) FIG. 3.16 LODGE LOCATED ALONG THE PARK 32 FIG. 3.17 INSIDE VIEW OF THE LOUNGE ALONG THE FIRE PLACE FIG. 3.18 DINING AREA WITH VIEWS TO THE OUTSIDE 33 FIG. 3.19 DIAGRAMS ILLUSTRATING SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES 33 FIG. 3.10 ECOLODGE AT CHALALAN (SOURCE:CHALALAN.COM) 34 FIG. 3.21 DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE RANDOM LOCATION OF THE ECOLODGES AT THE CHALALAN REGION 34 FIG. 3.22 SITE PLAN FIG. 3.23 1 COMMUNAL DINING 35 FIG. 3.24 1FIG. 3.24 DIFFERENT FLOOR PLAN ARRANGEMENTS 35 FIG. 3.25 CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ALL ECOLODGES 36 FIG. 4.1 SITE LOCATION 38 FIG. 4.3 KIANG WEST NATIONAL PARK (SOURCE: KIANG WEST NATIONAL PARK) 39 FIG.4.4 BAO BOLONG WETLAND RESERVE (SOURCE: BAO BOLONG WETLAND RESERVE) 40 FIG.4.5 NEARBY VILLAGES 40 FIG. 4.6WEATHER BAR CHART (AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPERATURE AND RAINFALL FOR THE LOCATION) 41 FIG. 4.7 1 EXISTING SITE LANDSCAPE 41 FIG. 4.8 NEST TYPES (SOURCE: WWW.ALLABOUTBIRDS.ORG) 42 FIG. 4.9 NESTING LOCATIONS (SOURCE: WWW.ALLABOUTBIRDS.ORG 43 FIG. 4.10 SKETCH SHOWING DIFFERENT LOCATIONS OF BIRD’S VIEWING 43 TABLE 1.1 SHOWING BIRD’S HABIT 44 FIG. 4.11 PUBLIC MARKET AND SCHOOL (SOURCE: ACCESSGAMBIA.GM) 45 FIG. 4.12 DESIGN STRATEGY 45 FIG. 4.13 ZONE STRATEGY 46 FIG.4.14MAP SHOWING DIFFERENT ZONES 46 FIG.4.15 EXISTING TREES ON THE SITE (SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.ACCESSGAMBIA.COM) 47 FIG. 4.16 PROPOSED SITE LANDSCAPE 48 FIG.4.17 PROPOSED TREE PLANTING (SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.ACCESSGAMBIA.COM) 48 FIG.4.18 BAMBOO TREE (SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.COMPLETEBAMBOO.COM) 49 FIG.4.19 BAMBOO FOUNDATIONS (SOURCE: HTTP://BAMBOO.WIKISPACES.ASU.EDU) 50 FIG.4.20 BAMBOO WALLS (HTTP://BAMBOO.WIKISPACES.ASU.EDU) 50 FIG.4.21 BAMBOO ROOF (HTTP://BAMBOO.WIKISPACES.ASU.EDU) 51 FIG. 5.2 SITE SECTION 55 FIG. 5.3MAIN BUILDING 56 FIG. 5.4 MAIN BUILDING IDEAS 1 57 FIG. 5.5 ACCOMMODATION 58 FIG. 5.5 DETAILS 59 FIG. 5.6 BAMBOO TECTONIC 60 FIG. 5.7 SITE MODEL 61 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 4.1 SHOWING BIRD’S HABIT 44 |
參考文獻 |
REFERENCE ACOTT, T.G., LA TROBE, H.L. AND HOWARD, S.H. (1998) AN EVALUATION OF DEEP ECOTOURISM AND SHALLOW ECOTOURISM. JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM WEAVER, 2001B, PP. 238-253 ARONSSON, L (1993): SUSTAINABLE TOURISM SYSTEMS: THE EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL TOURISM IN SWEDEN. IN: BRAMWELL, B. AND LANE, B. (EDS). RURAL TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT. CLEVEDON: CHANNEL VIEW, PP.77-92. BLAMEY, R.K (2001): “PRINCIPLES OF ECOTOURISM”. IN WEAVER, D.B (ED.) THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ECOTOURISM,WALLINGFORD AND CAMBRIDGE: CAB INTERNATIONAL. CHAPTER 1, P: 5-22. BRUNSKILL, R.W. 2000. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 4TH ED. CARNEY, J., GILLESPIE, T. W., AND ROSOMOFF, R. (2014). ASSESSING FOREST CHANGE IN A PRIORITY WEST AFRICAN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM: 1986–2010. GEOFORUM 53: 126–135. CURTIS, 1996, MODERN ARCHITECTURE SINCE 1900 (3RD ED.) FATHY ET AL. 1986, WALTER SHEARER, SULTAN ABD AL-RAHMAN.NATURAL ENERGY AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE: PRINCIPLES AND EXAMPLES WITH REFERENCE TO HOT ARID CLIMATES FENNELL, DAVID. (1999) ECOTOURISM: AN INTRODUCTION. LONDON: ROUTLEDGE. FRIEDMAN, 2012 A.V.I. FUNDAMENTALS OF SUSTAINABLE DWELLINGS GORDON (1976): THE NEW SCIENCE OF STRONG MATERIALS OR WHY YOU DON'T FALL THROUGH THE FLOOR HONEY,MARTHA (2008): ECOTOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: WHO OWNS PARADISE? 2ND (ED).WASHINGTON DC: ISLAND PRESS JAMES WINES &PHILIP JODIDIO, (2000): GREEN ARCHITECTURE JENKINS, H., (2006). CONVERGENCE CULTURE: WHERE OLD AND NEW MEDIA COLLIDE. LEKSAKUNDILOK, A. (2004): COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THAILAND. OLIVER, 2003 PAUL OLIVER DWELLINGS: THE VERNACULAR HOUSE WORLDWIDE. REV. ED PHAIDON, LONDON (2003) RAPOPORT, 2005: CULTURE, ARCHITECTURE, AND DESIGN, ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING RESEARCH BOOK SERIES LOCKE SCIENCE PUB. CO, CHICAGO (2005) RATTO, M. (2010). CRITICAL MAKING: CONCEPTUAL AND MATERIAL STUDIES IN TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL LIFE. WORKS CITED DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID). CHANGING THE NATURE OF TOURISM. GORMAN, JACKIE. 2000 AN ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT STRATEGY FOR THE GAMBIA. DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT, ABUKO NATURE RESERVE: ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT UNIT LEWIS, 2014. THE NATIVE BUILDER. NEW YORK TIMES 2014 (CITED 15.11.14). SALLAH, HALIFA. 1999 REPORT ON A SEMINAR ON PRIVATE SMALL-SCALE AND COMMUNITYBASED TOURISM ENTERPRISES. Reference Website Ford calumet environmental center https://www.archdaily.com Chalalan Ecolodge http://chalalan.com/es/index_en.php The Gambia Ministry of Tourism & Culture (MOTC) www.motc.gov.gm Birding in the Gambia HTTP://WWW.ACCESSGAMBIA.COM Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics HTTPS://EROS.USGS.GOV/WESTAFRICA/COUNTRY/REPUBLIC-GAMBIA |
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