§ 瀏覽學位論文書目資料
  
系統識別號 U0002-0308201112224500
DOI 10.6846/TKU.2011.00081
論文名稱(中文) 歐盟國家對俄羅斯直接投資之研究
論文名稱(英文) The Study of EU Countries' Foreign Direct Investment in Russia
第三語言論文名稱
校院名稱 淡江大學
系所名稱(中文) 俄羅斯研究所碩士班
系所名稱(英文) Graduate Institute of Slavic Studies
外國學位學校名稱
外國學位學院名稱
外國學位研究所名稱
學年度 99
學期 2
出版年 100
研究生(中文) 蔡承恩
研究生(英文) Cheng-En Tsai
學號 697320173
學位類別 碩士
語言別 繁體中文
第二語言別
口試日期 2011-06-27
論文頁數 121頁
口試委員 指導教授 - 魏百谷
指導教授 - 馬良文
委員 - 郭秋慶
委員 - 曾秀珍
委員 - 林湘義
關鍵字(中) 直接投資
歐盟
俄羅斯
跨國企業
關鍵字(英) FDI
European Union
Russia
TNCs
第三語言關鍵字
學科別分類
中文摘要
隨著1980年代以來國際間投資貿易的發展,歐盟各國逐年增加其海外的直接投資,成為對外直接投資流出國。蘇聯於1991年解體後,成為轉型的經濟體,在資本主義市場的過渡中,對於外資存在著需求,而外國直接投資最能發揮經濟發展的效益,為俄羅斯最理想的外資進入之投資類型。歐盟為俄羅斯最大的投資來源國,根據歐盟統計局(Eurostat)的資料,2007年投資約172億歐元,2008年增加為256億歐元,佔俄羅斯外來直接投資約46%。歐盟為俄羅斯外資之最大來源國,在直接投資上占有重要的地位。
   本研究以John Dunning之折衷理論運用至歐盟對俄羅斯的直接投資,探討歐盟對俄羅斯直接投資之產業、區域特性、投資動機以及經營模式。首先瞭解歐盟在俄羅斯整體投資產業的情形,分析區域分布及特性,並藉由歐盟對俄羅斯投資的動機探討歐盟企業海外投資的動機取向以及地主國潛在的優勢。另外歐盟企業所具備對外的投資優勢也是海外投資進入模式的依據。
本文之研究目的為歐盟國家對俄直接投資之模式,並利用個案分析法及SWOT分析法研究歐盟國家對俄羅斯的直接投資。研究發現,歐盟對俄直接投資的動機為尋求市場及尋求資源,而投資的模式主要是利用併購的方式進入俄羅斯的市場。由個案分析及SWOT分析的結果得知,歐盟企業能成功地掌握內部優勢及外部機會對俄直接投資。
英文摘要
Since 1980s the development of international investment and trade, led to EU countries have increasing their foreign direct investment overseas every year, and becoming the foreign direct investment outflow economies. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian economy was in a transitional period, as it was transforming from a communist economy to a capitalistic market. This led to a strong demand for foreign capital, and so foreign direct investment played an important role in its economic development. EU investment in Russia grew steadily; the EU was Russia’s largest source of direct investment. According to the data of Eurostat, the 2007 EU FDI in Russia was about 17.2 billion euros; than in 2008, it increase to 25.6 billion euros, approximately accounting for 46% of the total foreign direct investment in Russia. Thus, the EU is Russia’s largest source of direct investment, and plays an important role in Russia’s inward FDI. 
  The eclectic theory of Dunning John is the theoretical basis to examine the EU direct investment in Russia, exploring EU direct investment in Russian industry, regional characteristics, the investment motives and the business model. Having a grasp for the overall investment in Russia is the first step to analyze the regional distribution and characteristics. The competitive edge of European entrepreneurship overseas along with the potential advantages of the host countries will be analyzed via the motivational approach of EU’s outward for Russian investment. However, the inherent advantages of EU entrepreneurs are the analytical basis to the foreign investment.
  The purpose for the study aims to analyze the Entry Mode, which EU countries invest in Russia, by means of case study as well as SWOT analysis. The conclusion of thesis is demonstrated, as far as the motive of investing in Russia is concerned, market-seeking and resource-seeking are the main approaches for EU; whereas, in order to enter into Russian market, these transnational enterprises of EU take M&A  manner as a lever to acquire the market share. Furthermore, the analysis for case study and SWOT outlines that the success of EU enterprises is attributed by using internal strength and external opportunities to efficiently operate the business in Russian market.
第三語言摘要
論文目次
第壹章  緒論…………………………….………………………………….……1
  第一節  研究動機與目的……………………………………….…….…1
  第二節  研究途徑與方法…………………….……….………………5
  第三節 文獻回顧 ………………………………………………12
  第四節  研究範圍與限制………………………………………………16
  第五節  研究架構………………………………………………..….….18
第貳章  歐盟國家對俄的直接投資…………………………………...….21
  第一節  歐盟國家對俄直接投資之發展………………………………21
  第二節  歐盟國家對俄直接投資之產業及特點…………………....28
  第三節  歐盟國家對俄直接投資之地區分佈…….….……………34
第參章  歐盟企業在俄羅斯投資模式…………………………………………47
  第一節  歐盟企業赴俄投資之因素………………………………...….47
  第二節  歐盟企業在俄之投資模式………………………….………...52
  第三節  歐盟企業赴俄投資所面臨的挑戰……………...…………….67
第肆章  歐盟企業對俄直接投資之個案分析…………………………...…….77
  第一節  併購個案分析─德國意昂公司………………………………77
  第二節  新建投資個案分析─標致雪鐵龍集團………………………86
  第三節  歐盟企業對俄直接投資個案之SWOT分析…………………91
第伍章  結論…………………………………………………………………..107
  第一節  研究發現……………………………………………………..107
  第二節  後續研究建議………………………………………………..112
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………..113

圖目錄
圖 1.1、研究架構圖…………………………………………...………..….…...19
圖 2.1、2000-2010年俄羅斯外國投資流入類別及金額…………...……….…22
圖 2.2、2008-2009年全球排名前十大外資流入國(單位:十億美元)..........23
圖 2.3、2000-2008歐盟國家對俄羅斯、印度及中國之直接投資額(單位
       :百萬歐元)……………….…………….………………….………….27
圖 2.4、1999-2007外國直接投資流入之產業別 (%)………...……….….…..29
圖 3.1、2002-2009俄羅斯併購市場交易總額及年度成長之百分比(單位
        :十億美元)..…………………………………………….………..…57
圖 3.2、俄羅斯企業經營的主要問題………………………………….………75
圖 4.1、俄羅斯電力生產設備年度更新比例………………………….………78
圖 4.2、俄羅斯電力產業的區域發電結構比例…………………….…………82
圖 4.3、OGK-4公司發電站位置圖……………………………………………83

表目錄
表 1.1、海外投資進入模式所需之優勢……..………………………………..7
表 1.2、SWOT分析之架構…………….………………………………………..11
表 2.1、2000-2009年俄羅斯外來直接投資之來源國及投資比重(單位:%)...24
表 2.2、2009年俄羅斯各聯邦區投資排序、投資額及百分比(單位:百
       萬美元)….......………………………………………………….……...35
表 2.3、2007-2008外國對俄直接投資主要新建投資地區……….…………..40
表 2.4、1995-2002年人口數與FDI流入之比較(%)……………………..….41
表 2.5、平均每人淨外國直接投資額(美元)…………………………………42
表 2.6、2009年歐盟主要投資國在俄各地區直接投資額(單位:百萬美元)…45
表 3.1、歐盟企業對俄投資主要動機………………………………….….….…51
表 3.2、2007-2008歐盟國家在俄羅斯的新建投資交易……………………...56
表 3.3、2007-2009年歐盟國家對俄主要併購交易……………….…………..63
表3.4、歐盟國家對俄主要合資交易………………………………………….66
表 3.5、2009-2010年經濟轉型國家行政及管理程序之比較…………….…..70
表 3.6、2009-2010年經濟轉型國家行政程序的制度、國家接受外資程度
    之比較……..………………………………………………………..…71
表 3.7、2009-2010年經濟轉型國家組織型犯罪、警察機關可信度、貪污
    風氣之比較………..…………………………………………………..73
表 4.1、E.ON在OGK-4新建設計畫…………………………….…………….81
表 4.2、OGK-4 各電廠各年度產能、發電能源及啟用年份………………….85
表 4.3、2010上半年標致雪鐵龍汽車銷售量分析………………………….…90
表 4.4、 E.ON公司在俄羅斯市場之SWOT分析…………………………….99
表 4.5、標致雪鐵龍公司在俄羅斯市場之SWOT分析……………..………99
表 4.6、歐盟國家赴俄羅斯外國直接投資之SWOT分析…………………..106
參考文獻
中文

專書

中華民國經濟部投資業務處(2010),俄羅斯投資環境簡介,台北:經濟部投資業務處。
吳成物(1996),國際直接投資,台北:三民書局。
周海濤、李永賢、張蘅 譯,Robert K. Yi著(2009),個案研究設計與方法,台北:五南圖書。
林彩梅(2005),多國籍企業論(第六版),台北:五南圖書。
楊文蘭(2009),俄羅斯與歐盟的經貿關係:基於博奕視角,北京:社會科學文獻出版社。
趙義隆(2008),國際企業,台北:台灣培生教育。
薛義誠(2008),策略規劃與管理,台北:雙葉書廊。
羅英杰(2009),利益與矛盾─冷戰後俄羅斯與歐盟關係研究,北京:世界知識。

期刊

王躍生、楊力(2010),「歐盟國家對俄羅斯的直接投資問題」,《俄羅斯中亞東歐市場》,第12期,頁26-32。
李武紅(2008),「俄羅斯引進外資動態分析」,《西伯利亞研究》,第35卷第2期,頁44-46。
李建民(2007),「國際資本對俄羅斯投資現狀及啟示」,《俄羅斯中亞東歐市場》,第3期,頁1-10。
李建民(2008),「俄限制外資進入戰略性部門產業法出台的背景、內容及影響」,《俄羅斯中亞東歐市場》,第10期,頁1-6。
李傳桐、葛正美(2004),「俄羅斯投資環境分析」,《棗莊師範專科學校學報》,第21卷,第6期,頁54-56。
邵予工、郭曉、楊乃定(2008),「基於國際生產折衷理論的對外直接投資項目投資風險研究」,《軟科學》,第22卷,第9期,頁41-44。
張銳(2007),「引進外資:俄羅斯的大躍進」,《經濟導刊》,第3期,頁64-67。
葛新蓉(2004),「俄電力行業現狀及向東北亞國家出口的潛力」,《俄羅斯中亞東歐市場》,第4期,頁43-44。

學位論文

李佳霖(2002),歐洲聯盟對南錐共同市場直接投資之研究,淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。
游珮綺(2007),歐洲聯盟對墨西哥投資與貿易政策及其政經影響,淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。
楊青萍(2005),後冷戰時期歐洲聯盟的俄羅斯政策,淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。
劉怡萍(2008),歐洲聯盟對智利直接投資之研究,淡江大學拉丁美洲研究所碩士論文。

網路資料

「俄羅斯經濟回顧與展望」,經濟部全球台商服務網,<http://twbusiness.nat.gov.tw/countryPage.do?id=10&country=RU>(2010.01.28)。
英文

專書

Dunning, J. H.(1981), International Production and the Multinational Enterprise, London: Allen & Unwin.
Doing Business (2011), Making a Difference for Entrepreneurs, Washington: The World Bank and the International Finance Corporation.
Schwab, Klaus, Michael E. Porter(2008), The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009,Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Schwab, Klaus (2009), The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, Geneva: World Economic Forum.
Sinichkina, Maria (2010), “EU-Russia Relations: Challenges and Opportunities for Russian Investors in the EU Market and for European Companies Investing in Russia,” in Maria Shabanova, Ann – Sofie Nyman, Shota Kakabadze eds., Russia and the EU: Uneasy Relations A Look From Belgium, Kaunas, Lithuania: Vytautas Magnus University, pp.215-224.
OECD(2006), Investment Policy Reviews: Russian Federation: Enhancing Policy Transparency, Paris: OECD Publications.
OECD(2008), Investment Policy Reviews: Russian Federation: Strengthening the Policy Framework for Investment, Paris: OECD Publications.
Rosstat(2008), Russia in Figures 2007 Statistical Handbook, Moscow: The Federal State Statistic Service.
Rosstat(2010), Russia in Figures 2010 Statistical Handbook, Moscow: The Federal State Statistic Service.
UNCTAD(2003), World Investment Development, New York and Geneva: United Nations Publication.
UNCTAD(2009) World Investment Report: Transnational Corporations, Agricultural Production and Development, New York and Geneva: United Nations Publications.
UNCTAD(2009), World Investment Development, New York and Geneva: United Nations Publication.
UNCTAD(2010) World Investment Development 2010, New York and Geneva: United Nations Publication).
Benč, Vladimir; Vladimir Bilčik and Alexander Duleba(2009), Searching for New Momentum in EU-RUSSIA Relations, Slovak Republic: Friedrich Ebert Stiftuug.

期刊

Allen, Tim(2010), “EU27 Deficit in Trade in Goods with Russia of 50 bn Euro in 2009,” Eurostat news release, 1-4.
Feng, Yi; Yi Sun and Joshua C. Walton(2009), “Foreign Direct Investment in Russia and Lessons for China,” The Chinese Economy, Vol.42, No.3, 78-93.
Hunya, Gabor and Roman Stollinger(2009), “Foreign Direct Investment Flows Between the EU and the BRICs,” WIIW Research Reports, No.358, 1-49.
Hare, Paul; Mark Schaffer and Anna Shabunina(2004), “The Great Transformation: Russia’s Return to the World Economy,” Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation of Heriot-Watt University, January, 1-29.
Isic, Mirela and Schaffer, Sebastian(2008), “Double Win in EU-Russia Relations – Roadmap for a New PCA,” Center for Applied Policy Research, No.3, 1-4.
Liuhto, Kari(2007), “Kaliningrad, an Attractive Location for EU Investors,” Pan-European Institute, January, 1-28.
Nilsen, Andre(2006), “Europe-Russia a Special Partnership,” The Oxford Council on Good Governance, No.5, 1-8.
Petridou, Konstantia(2008), “EU-27 Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil, Russia, India and China more than doubled in 2007,” Eurostat, No.64, 1-8.
Turečkova, Andrea(2008), “Russian Foreign Direct and Their Governance,” Faculty of International Relations UEP, Vol.2, No.19, 13-16.
Vinhas de Souza, Lucio(2008), “Foreign Investment in Russia,” ECFIN Country Focus, Vol.5, No. 1, 1-6.

網路資料

2010 Index of Economic Freedom, “Ranking the Countries,” <http://www.heritage.org/index/ranking>(23.03. 2011).
A.T. Kearney, “2010 FDI Confidence Index,” <http://www.atkearney.com/index.php/Publications/foreign-direct-investment-confidence-index.html?q=investment+confidence+2000>(02.05.2011).
Alacre Store, “Thomson Reuters Business Description,” <http://www.alacrastore.com/company-snapshot/Fortum_OAO-3977182>(07.04.2011).
ArcelorMittal, “ArcelorMittal Acquires Three Coal Mines in Russia,” <http://www.arcelormittal.com/index.php?lang=en&page=49&tb0=239&tblng=1>(07.04.2011).
AXA Group, “AXA to Take a Stake in Russia’s 2nd Largest Insurer Reso Garantia,” <http://www.axa.com/en/news/2008/E54A0Cgrjm35k4lFvOt9.aspx>(06.04.2011).
Baltika, “Baltika Successfully Completes Its Largest Investment Project — The Novosibirsk Brewery,” <http://eng.baltika.ru/m/3895/baltika_successfully_completes_its_largest_investment_project__the_novosibirsk_brewery.html>(15.04.2011).
Barclays, “Barclays Completes the Acquisition of Russia’s Expobank,” <http://group.barclays.com/cs/Satellite?blobcol=urldata&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadername2=MDT-Type&blobheadervalue1=inline%3B+filename%3D2-Jul---Barclays-completes-the-acquisition-of-Russia's-Expobank.pdf&blobheadervalue2=abinary%3B+charset%3DUTF-8&blobkey=id&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobwhere=1231864057096&ssbinary=true>(07.04.2011).
BP, “Our Activities Cover Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Refining, Retail, and Lubricants,” <http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9015377&contentId=7028021>(13.04.2011).
Charles-Albert Michalet, “Strategies of Multinationals and Competition for Foreign Direct Investment,” International Finance Corporation, 2000, <http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/fias.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/Strategies_of_Multinationals_and_Competition_for_FDI.pdf/$FILE/Strategies+of+Multinationals+and+Competition+for+FDI+-+Charles+Michalet.pdf>(17.03.2011).
Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company S.A, <http://www.coca-colahellenic.com/aboutus>(14.04.2011).
Delegation of the European Union to Russia, “Europe and Russia: Building a Strategic Partnership,” <http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/russia/eu_russia/political_relations/political_framework/index_en.htm >(30.01.2010).
Dmitry Zhdannikov, “Sistema Sells Rosno Stake to Allianz for $750 mln,” Reuters, <http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/02/21/idUSL2110496120070221> (11.05.2011). 
E.ON, “Efficiency and Effective Organization,” <http://www.eon.com/en/corporate/41907.jsp>(2011.05.25).
E.ON AG, “E.ON and OGK-4 Launched a New 400 MW Energy Unit at the Shaturskaya GRES,” <http://www.eon-russia.com/cms/en/690.jsp>(18.05.2011).
E.ON AG, “E.ON Start Work on New-Build Power Project ─ €800 Million Investment in Efficient Gas Units,” <http://www.eon-russia.com/cms/en/204.jsp>(18.05.2011).
E.ON AG, “Global Project Partnerships to Reduce Emissions,” <http://www.eon.com/en/responsibility/35045.jsp>(31.05.2011).
E.ON AG, “Strategy & Key Figures 2008,” <http://www.eon.com/en/downloads/E.ON_SK_2010_EN_.pdf>(13.05.2011)
E.ON AG, “Surgutskaya GRES-2 Sets New Annual Power Output Maximum,” <http://www.eon-russia.com/cms/en/793.jsp>(18.05.2011).
Elena Rogacheva ,Julia Mikerova, “European FDI in Russia: Corporate Strategy and the Effectiveness of Government Promotion and Facilitation 2003.” OCO Consulting , <http://www.aebrus.ru/files/File/CommonFiles/FDI.2003.pdf>(20.02.2010). 
Enerpub, “E.ON about to enter Russian electricity market,” <http://www.energypublisher.com/article.asp?id=11041>(11.05.2011).
Ernst & Young, “Russian M&A Market Overview 2009,” <http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/MA-Market-Overview-2009-EN/$FILE/MA-Market-Overview-2009-EN.pdf>(26.03.2011).
Europa, “Delegation of the European Union to Russia,” <http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/russia/eu_russia/fields_cooperation/energy/index_en.htm>(08.06.2011).
Eurostat, “Monthly Labour Costs,” <http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=lc_an_costm&lang=en>(01.05.2010).
FinancialMirror.com, “Bank of Cyprus Completes Russian Uniastrum Takeover,” <http://www.financialmirror.com/News/Cyprus_and_World_News/12429>(08.04.2011).
Finding Universe, “Severstal Joint Stock Company,” http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Severstal-Joint-Stock-Company-Company-History.html>(2011.05.24).
Finfacts Team, “Europe in Figures - Eurostat Yearbook 2008: Labour Costs in 2006 Varied by One to Twenty in the EU27 and Much More Data,” Finfacts Ireland, <http://www.finfacts.ie/irishfinancenews/article_1013787.shtml>(01.05. 2011).
Inautonews, “Vw Start Production in Kaluga plant Russia,” <http://www.inautonews.com/vw-start-production-in-kaluga-russia/>(21.05.2011).
Kari Liuhto, Elina Pelto and Kirsi Lipponen, “Where to Do Bussiness in Russia? ” Pan-European Institute,  <http://www.tse.fi/FI/yksikot/erillislaitokset/pei/Documents/Julkaisut/Liuhto_Pelto_Lipponen_52004.pdf>(22.11.2010).
KPMG, “M&A Market in Russia in 2009,” <http://audit-comitee-institute.de/docs/MA_Survey_2009.pdf> (08.04.2011).
Kuznetsov, Alexey, “Inward FDI in Russia and its Policy Context,” Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment, 2010, pp.6-7, <http://www.vcc.columbia.edu/files/vale/documents/Profiles_Russia_IFDI_Final_November_30_2010.pdf>(10.12.2010)
Observer OECD, “Investment in Russia,” <http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/2103/Investing_in_Russia.html>(22.05.2010).
PSA Peugeot Citroen, “Clean, Economical Engines to Cut Greenhouse gas Emissions,” <http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_group/technology_b3.php>(31.05.2011).
PSA Peugeot Citroen, “Going Global,” <http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_group/expansion_b2.php>(20.05.2011).
PSA Peugeot Citroen, “Press Kit – PSA Peugeot Citroen in Russia,” <http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/principaux_marches/medias/dp/DP_Russie_August_2010_GB.pdf>(20.05.2011).
PSA Peugeot Citroen, “The Group's Four Ambitions,” <http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_group/strategy_b2.php>(13.05.2011).
PSA Peugeot Citroen, “PSA Peugeot Citroen to Build Plant in Kaluga, Russia,” <http://www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com/en/psa_espace/press_releases_details_d1.php?id=751>(14.04.2011).
Renault, “Strategic Partnership with AvtoVAZ,” <http://www.renault.com/en/Groupe/cooperations-strategiques/Pages/partenariat-strategique-avtovaz.aspx>(06.04.2011).
Reuters, “Coca-Cola HBC Agrees to Buy Russia's Aquavision,” <http://www.reuters.com/article/2007/07/05/idUSL0527291220070705>(14.04.2011).
RIA Novosti, “Coca-Cola Plans to Build $160 Million Plant in Southern Russia,” <http://en.rian.ru/russia/20070326/62636422.html>(14.04.2011).
Russia-Ic, “Russian Breweries,” <http://www.russia-ic.com/business_law/Russian_companies/687/>(14.04.2011).
Steel Orbis, “ArcelorMittal Buys Russian Coal Assets from Severstal,” <http://www.steelorbis.com/steel-news/latest-news/arcelormittal-buys-russian-coal-assets-from-severstal-433232.htm>(08.04.2011).
The Sunday Times, “Barclays Seals Expobank Deal in Russia,” <http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/banking_and_finance/article3473418.ece>(07.04.2011).
Transparency International, “The Corruption Perception Index 2009,” <http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2009/cpi_2009_table>(15.03.2011).
Transparency International, “The Corruption Perception Index 2010 Results,” <http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/results >(15.03.2011).
Volvo, “New Volvo Group assembly Plant in Kaluga,” <http://web.archive.org/web/20071101161608/http://www.volvo.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/corpnews/NewsItemPage.htm?channelId=1389&ItemID=30465&sl=en-gb>(21.05.2011).
Wintershall, “OAO Gazprom and Wintershall AG Establish Joint Venture- Leading the Way in Russian-German Economic Relations,” <http://www.wintershall.com/334.html>(13.04.2011).

俄文

專書

Кузнецова Н.В.(2010), “Основные направления инвестиционного сотрудничества России со странами Евросоюза, ”(俄羅斯與歐盟國家的主要投資合作方向)Абрамов А.Л. и другие, Разработка и реализация стратегий в новой ситуации: экономика, методология, модернизация(在新形勢下的戰略制定與實施:經濟、方法、現代化), Москва: Московский общественный научный фонд; Дальневосточный центр экономического развития; Дальневосточный государственный университет.
Федеральная служба государственной статистики (2010), Регионы России социально-экономические показатели 2010(2010年俄羅斯的地區的社會經濟指標),Москва: Росстат.

網路資料

Автоновости, “В Калужской области открыт завод PSA Peugeot Citroen и Mitsubishi,” (標致汽車與三菱汽車在卡盧加設立新工廠), <http://auto.newsru.com/article/23apr2010/zavod_psa>(14.04.2011).
Президент России , “Дмитрий Медведев подписал Указ, которым в перечень федеральных округов России добавлен Северо-Кавказский федеральный округ,(俄羅斯總統梅德韋杰夫簽署新增北高加索聯邦區之總統令),” <http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/6666>(15.06.2011).
Преспективы, Алексей Кузнецов, “Прямые инвестиции из Евросоюза в России,” (歐盟對俄直接投資), <http://www.perspectivy.info/rus/ekob/pramyje_investicii_iz_jevrosojuza_v_rossii_2008-06-23.htm>(14.04.2011).
Юниаструм Банк, “Группа Bank of Cyprus приобретает 80% российского «Юниаструм Банка»,”(賽普勒斯銀行購買俄羅斯尤尼亞斯特倫銀行80%的股份), <http://www.uniastrum.ru/press/news/2717/>(08.04.2011).
論文全文使用權限
校內
校內紙本論文立即公開
同意電子論文全文授權校園內公開
校內電子論文於授權書繳交後5年公開
校外
同意授權
校外電子論文於授權書繳交後5年公開

如有問題,歡迎洽詢!
圖書館數位資訊組 (02)2621-5656 轉 2487 或 來信