水旋風分離器的設計會影響著實驗結果，例如筒身直徑與錐長。本實驗探討採用何種結構設計之水旋風分離器，可以最適化的對金礦砂粉末進行分選。利用水旋風分離器的分離特性，對金礦砂粉末進行分選，將含金的顆粒盡量從底流端流出，並且從溢流端取走大量的不含金或者低含金的顆粒，並將分選後的溶液使用UW-860無氰化學剝金液進行剝金試驗，將黃金從金礦砂粉末中萃取形成黃金水溶液，以便黃金的獲得，使得減少進行剝金實驗的金礦砂粉末，以降低剝金藥水的使用量。利用水旋風分離器的特性，工作流體以切線方向進入筒身後，產生外部螺旋渦流以及內部螺旋渦流，外部螺旋渦流將工作流體中大量的含金顆粒從底流端排出，而內部螺旋渦流則將工作流體中不含金或低含金的顆粒從溢流端排出，降低後續需要進行剝金的總顆粒量。
    由實驗結果發現，當水旋風分離器是否有圓柱筒身，會影響出口端的顆粒比例，有圓柱筒身的水旋風分離器底流端的顆粒比例會較大；而將水旋風分離器的錐長比較發現，錐長會影響出口端的顆粒比例，錐長較長的水旋風分離器，底流端的顆粒比例較大，故採用錐長較短的水旋風分離器。經多種水旋風分離器實驗，其中以Type E150水旋風分離器最符合實驗目的需求，可以由溢流端移除約38% 之含有極少量黃金的顆粒，且可以將85%的黃金富集在底流端，此方法不僅能減少後續需要剝金的顆粒還可以達到顆粒之分離效果，可以降低回收成本，在工業上達到實用價值。

In the present study, separation characteristics of hydrocyclone separators were utilized for sorting gold ore sand. The solutions obtained after sorting were subsequently subjected to a gold stripping experiment using UW-860 cyanide-free chemical stripping solution that involved the extraction of gold from the gold ore sand to form an aqueous gold solution to facilitate the recovery of gold. This study was conducted to identify the hydrocyclone separator design that can maximize the discharge of gold-containing particles through the underflow and ensure the removal of particles with no or low gold content via the overflow. This can reduce the amount of gold ore sand that need to be subjected to the gold stripping experiment and thereby, the use of the stripping solution. In a hydrocyclone separator, the working fluid enters the barrel through a tangential feed inlet, creating primary and secondary vortexes. The primary vortex enables the discharge of large amounts of gold-containing particles in the working fluid through the underflow, while the secondary vortex enables the discharge of particles with no or low gold content through the overflow, thus reducing the total amount of particles that need to be subjected to the gold stripping process.
    The experimental results indicate that the presence or absence of a cylindrical barrel in the hydrocyclone separators influences the proportion of grains in the outlets, with hydrocyclone separators with a cylindrical barrel producing underflows with a higher proportion of particles. A comparison of the cone lengths of the hydrocyclone separators revealed that the cone length also influences the proportion of grains in the outlets, with hydrocyclone separators with longer cones producing underflows with a higher proportion of particles. Consequently, hydrocylone separators with shorter cones were used in the experiment. Experimental tests using several types of hydrocyclone separators revealed that the experimental requirements were best satisfied by the Type E150 hydrocyclone separator that enabled the removal of approximately 38% of particles with an extremely low gold content through the overflow and the enrichment of 85% of gold-containing particles in the underflow. Since this method simultaneously reduces the amount of particles required to be subjected to gold stripping and sorts the particles effectively, it is of great practical value for industrial applications.

目錄

中文摘要I
英文摘要III
目錄V
圖目錄VIII
表目錄X
第一章	緒論1
1-1	前言1
1-2	研究動機2
1-3	研究目的2
第二章	文獻回顧3
    2-1 簡述金礦簡介3
       2-1-1 黃金的形成3
       2-1-2 黃金的開採3
    2-2 黃金的傳統分離及回收方法4
       2-2-1 汞齊法4
       2-2-2 氰化法4
       2-2-3 王水法4
    2-3 水旋風分離器5
       2-3-1 水旋風分離器之簡介5
       2-3-2 水旋風分離器之原理5
       2-3-3 水旋風分離器的優點及缺點7
       2-3-4 水旋風分離器近年發展概況7
       2-3-5 實驗理論8
    2-4 水旋風分離器之特殊現象10
       2-4-1 魚鉤現象10
       2-4-2 空氣核心現象11
       2-4-3 短路流現象12
第三章	實驗裝置與方法13
    3-1 實驗物料13
    3-2 實驗裝置14
       3-2-1 水旋風分離器14           
       3-2-2 整體實驗裝置23
    3-3 實驗藥品24
    3-4 實驗設備、儀器25
    3-5 實驗操作步驟27
       3-5-1 水旋風分離器測試部分27
       3-5-2 剝金實驗部分28
第四章	結果與討論29
    4-1 水旋風分離器測試29
4-1-1 流量比較與濃度29
       4-1-2 顆粒比例與粒徑分析30
       4-1-3 分級效率曲線圖34
       4-1-4 分離效率與分離粒度d50之探36
    4-2 UW-860溶金實驗38
       4-2-1 剝金試驗38
    4-3 金礦砂測試40
       4-3-1 不同水旋風分離器對含金量的影響40
第五章	結論46
符號說明48
參考文獻50


圖目錄

圖2-1水旋風分離器示意圖6
圖2-2 魚鉤現象示意圖10
圖3-1 實驗用金礦砂粉末示意圖13
圖3-2 金礦砂粒徑分布圖14
圖3-3 水旋風分離器結構圖16
圖3-4 水旋風分離器Type T之實際圖18
圖3-5 水旋風分離器Type K之實際圖19
圖3-6 水旋風分離器Type U之實際圖20
圖3-7 水旋風分離器Type E150之實際圖21
圖3-8 水旋風分離器Type E258之實際圖22
圖3-9 水旋風分離器的整體裝置實驗圖23
圖3-10水旋風分離器的整體裝置實際圖24
圖4-1 Type T各個部分樣品之粒徑分布32
圖4-2 Type K各個部分樣品之粒徑分布32
圖4-3 Type U各個部分樣品之粒徑分布32
圖4-4 Type E150各個部分樣品之粒徑分布33
圖4-5 Type E258各個部分樣品之粒徑分布33
圖4-6 Type T、Type K、Type U水旋風分離器之粒徑分離效率曲線34
圖4-7 Type E150與Type E258水旋風分離器之粒徑分離效率曲線35
圖4-8不同水旋風分離器之粒徑分離效率曲線36
圖4-9不同水旋風分離器之分離粒度38
圖4-10 金礦砂粉末與UW-860無氰化學剝金液之剝金過程39
圖4-11 抽氣過濾後之UW-860剝金液樣品示意圖39



表目錄

表3-1 水旋風分離器尺寸17
表4-1 不同尺寸水旋風分離器之各溢流端以及底流端出口流量之比較29
表4-2不同尺寸水旋風分離器之各溢流端以及底流端出口濃度之比較30
表4-3不同尺寸水旋風分離器之各溢流端以及底流端顆粒比例之比較31
表4-4不同尺寸水旋風分離器之各溢流端以及底流端平均粒徑之比較31
表4-5 分離效率d50的粒徑、斜率以及錐角37
表4-6 金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type T分選後顆粒重量與顆粒比例40
表4-7金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type T分選後剝金檢測值40
表4-8金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type T分選後含金重量與含金量比例40
表4-9 金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type K分選後顆粒重量與顆粒比例41
表4-10金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type K分選後剝金檢測值41
表4-11金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type K分選後含金重量與含金量比例41
表4-12 金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type U分選後顆粒重量與顆粒比例42
表4-13金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type U分選後剝金檢測值42
表4-14金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type U分選後含金重量與含金量比例42
表4-15 金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type E150分選後顆粒重量與顆粒比例42
表4-16金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type E150分選後剝金檢測值43
表4-17金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type E150分選後含金重量與含金量比例43
表4-18 金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type E258分選後顆粒重量與顆粒比例43
表4-19金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type E258分選後剝金檢測值43
表4-20金礦砂經由水旋風分離器Type E258分選後含金重量與含金量比例44
表4-21 Type T、Type K以及Type U水旋風分離器溢流與底流含金比例44
表4-22 Type E150與Type E258水旋風分離器溢流與底流含金比例45

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