螺紋元件為目前所應用之最多的重要零件，螺紋的製造即是金屬圓柱上做車削、研磨使金屬表面產生螺旋溝槽，功能廣泛可應用於固定、傳動等。現今的量測技術以非接觸式為主要，在非接觸式領域中又以光學最為主要。本文所建立之量測系統屬於光學量測並搭配四個步進馬達，分別控制了待測物的二維與三維上的運動，藉此可達到三維量測與二維量測。本系統光源部分為固定不動，光源前方架設了光學鏡組以確保光的純淨度、偏振性質、偏振方向等。接收部分以光電偶合元件(CCD)為主要接收裝置，此裝置前架設了偏振鏡，利用此偏振鏡的旋轉角度來控制所接收散射光之偏振方向，在此分別擷取了水平偏振、垂直偏振與45°偏振，利用偏振成像做影像處理，並加以分析，再經由數學式運算，進而從結果得知螺紋螺峰、螺距、螺紋最佳成像角度接收與光學性質的變化之螺紋相關參數。

Screw thread is currently the most important parts of industry. Screw thread is turned and grounded on cylindrical mental. The spiral grooves is made on the surface of metal rod. Screw thread can be applied to fix mechanism and transfer power. A non-contact measurement technique is the main for thread measurement techniques. Optical measurement is more important method than other measurement techniques. In the paper, we have developed an optical measurements technology with four stepper motors. The samples are rotated in 2-D and 3-D directions by using four stepper motors. The 2-D and 3-D measurement of screw can be reached. The light source is fixed in system. The optical lenses are set in front of the light source. The optical lenses can ensure the purity of the light, polarization properties and polarization direction. The optical detection is a charge couple device (CCD) camera. A polarization is set in front of CCD. The angle of polarizer is rotated to control the direction of polarization of the scattered light. A horizontal polarization imaging and a vertical polarization imaging and a 45 ° polarization imaging are received by using CCD camera. The polarization imaging is used to process and analyze by computer. The thread top screw, pitch, the best imaging, related parameters of threaded can be measured by mathematical analysis of polarization images.

中文摘要	I
英文摘要	II
目錄	III
圖目錄	V
表目錄	VII
第1章 緒論	1
1.1 前言 	1
1.2 文獻回顧	2
1.3 研究動機	4
1.4 研究目的	5
1.5 研究方法	6
第2章 光學理論	7
2.1 前言  	7
2.2 偏振 	8
2.2.1 偏振現象	8
2.2.2 偏振理論	9
2.2.3 偏振種類	10
2.2.4 偏振影像	11
2.3 散射	        12
2.3.1 散射現象	12
2.3.2 散射理論	13
第3章 光學系統設計	14
3.1 光學系統架構	14
第4章 光學系統量測	18
4.1 實驗流程	18
4.2 光學系統參數設定	19
4.2.1 光源組件設定	19
4.2.2 收光組件設定	20
4.3 系統介面	        21
4.3.1 五相步進電動機控制	21
4.3.2 CCD影像擷取控制	22
4.3.3 偏振影像分析	23
4.4 二維實際檢測	24
4.5 三維實際量測	40
4.6 三維螺距分析	53
第5章 結論	54
5.1 結論	        54
參考文獻	        55

圖目錄
圖 1.1 ISO 公制螺紋.....................................................................................................5
圖 2.1 線偏振器[11] ......................................................................................................8
圖 2.2 光的電場與磁場方向，k 光為行進方向[11] .................................................10
圖 2.3 偏振狀態之(a)線偏振(b)圓偏振(c)橢圓偏振示意圖[11] ..............................10
圖 2.4 色素痣皮膚成像(a)圖以正常光源照射，(b)圖為偏振係數成像[8].............11
圖 2.5 散射...................................................................................................................12
圖 3.1 光學系統概念圖...............................................................................................14
圖 3.2 光源組...............................................................................................................16
圖 3.3 運動機構...........................................................................................................17
圖 3.4 偵測組件...........................................................................................................17
圖 4.1 系統參數調整示意圖.......................................................................................18
圖 4.2 光源組件配置圖...............................................................................................19
圖 4.3 收光組件配置圖...............................................................................................20
圖 4.4 五相步進電動機控制介面...............................................................................21
圖 4.5 DALSA CamExpert 影像擷取介面.................................................................22
圖 4.6 程式語言分析介面...........................................................................................23
圖 4.7 M6 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°水平偏振成像.................................................................25
圖 4.8 M6 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°垂直偏振成像...............................................................26
圖 4.9 M6 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°POL 成像........................................................................27
圖 4.10 M6 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°數值分析.....................................................................28
圖 4.11 M6 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°水平偏振成像...........................................................29
圖 4.12 M6 휃푖= -14°~-54°垂直偏振成像..................................................................30
圖 4.13 M6 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°POL 成像..................................................................31
圖 4.14 M6 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°數值分析...................................................................32
圖 4.15 M3 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°水平偏振成像..............................................................33
圖 4.16 M3 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°垂直偏振成像...............................................................34
圖 4.17 M3 螺紋휃푖=10°~70°POL 成像......................................................................35
圖 4.18 M3 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°水平偏振成像.........................................................36
圖 4.19 M3 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°垂直偏振成像.........................................................37
圖 4.20 M3 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°POL 成像................................................................38
圖 4.21 M3 螺紋휃푖= -14°~-54°、10°~70°數值分析.................................................39
圖 4.22 M6 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維水平成像..............................................................41
圖 4.23 M6 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維垂直成像..............................................................42
圖 4.24 M6 螺紋휑푟=0°~170° 三維45°偏振成像.....................................................43
圖 4.25 M6 螺紋三維휑푟=0°~170° POL 成像............................................................44
圖 4.26 M6 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維成像螺紋種類分析結果......................................45
圖 4.27 M6 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維成像最佳數值分析結果......................................46
圖 4.28 M3 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維水平偏振成像......................................................47
圖 4.29 M3 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維垂直偏振成像......................................................48
圖 4.30 M3 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維45°偏振成像.......................................................49
圖 4.31 M3 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維POL 成像............................................................50
圖 4.32 M3 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維成像螺紋種類分析結果.....................................51
圖 4.33 M3 螺紋휑푟=0°~170°三維成像最佳數值分析結果.....................................52
圖 4.34 M6、M3 螺紋POL 成像光學分佈圖...........................................................53

表目錄
表 1.1 研究步驟.............................................................................................................6
表 3.1 光學系統架構組件表.......................................................................................15
表 4.1 螺距標準值轉換數值表...................................................................................53

[1]	L. A. Thompson, and R. M. Castle, “Experimental demonstration of a Rayleigh-scattered laser guide star at 351 nm,” Optics letters, vol. 17, no. 21, pp. 1485-1487, 1992.
[2]	R. G. Pinnick, J. Rosen, and D. Hofmann, “Measured light-scattering properties of individual aerosol particles compared to Mie scattering theory,” Applied optics, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 37-41, 1973.
[3]	J. C. Stover, Optical scattering: measurement and analysis: SPIE Optical Engineering Press Bellingham, WA, 1995.
[4]	D. White, P. Saunders, S. J. Bonsey et al., “Reflectometer for measuring the bidirectional reflectance of rough surfaces,” Applied optics, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 3450-3454, 1998.
[5]	T. A. Germer, and C. C. Asmail, “Polarization of light scattered by microrough surfaces and subsurface defects,” JOSA A, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1326-1332, 1999.
[6]	J. Le Bosse, G. Hansali, J. Lopez et al., “Characterisation of surface roughness by laser light scattering: diffusely scattered intensity measurement,” Wear, vol. 224, no. 2, pp. 236-244, 1999.
[7]	S. L. Jacques, J. R. Roman, and K. Lee, “Imaging superficial tissues with polarized light,” Lasers in surgery and medicine, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 119-129, 2000.
[8]	J. C. Ramella-Roman, D. Duncan, and T. A. Germer, "Out-of-plane polarimetric imaging of skin: surface and subsurface effects." Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics,SPIE 5686, pp. 142-153,2005.
[9]	Y. Shen, Q. Zhu, and Z. Zhang, “A scatterometer for measuring the bidirectional reflectance and transmittance of semiconductor wafers with rough surfaces,” Review of scientific instruments, vol. 74, no. 11, pp. 4885-4892, 2003.
[10]	Q. Tong, Z. Ding, J. Chen et al., "The research of screw thread parameter measurement based on position sensitive detector and laser." Journal of Physics:Conference Series 48, p. 561-565, 2006.
[11]	C.-Y. Liu, and W.-E. Fu, “Polarized angular dependence of out-of-plane light-scattering measurements for nanoparticles on wafer,” Optics communications, vol. 282, no. 11, pp. 2097-2103, 2009.
[12]	彭德保, 陳思翰, 張元碩 et al., “內螺紋自動檢測機台之設計研發,” 2010.
[13]	H.-T. Feng, Y.-L. Wang, C.-M. Li et al., “An automatic measuring method and system using a light curtain for the thread profile of a ballscrew,” Measurement Science and Technology, vol. 22, no. 8, pp. 085106, 2011.
[14]	E. Hong, H. Zhang, R. Katz et al., “Non-contact inspection of internal threads of machined parts,” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 62, no. 1-4, pp. 221-229, 2012.
[15]	王凱平, “金屬表面粗糙度之偏振散射光量測技術,” 淡江大學機械與機電工程學系碩士班學位論文, pp. 1-74, 2012.
[16]	劉俊廷, “外螺紋結構之三維偏振散射光量測技術,” 淡江大學機械與機電工程學系碩士班學位論文, pp. 1-61, 2012.