受風結構之反應在不同之外型、流場、質量與阻尼影響下，其振動行為皆不同，尤其當結構反應與風場形成互制時，對結構安全將造成嚴重威脅。隨著風工程的發展，對於高層建築而言，目前順風向反應的理論發展較為完備，橫風向反應則因渦散現象引起之非線性氣彈力影響，尤其是理論與實驗資料之關連性建立仍在發展中。
    眾所皆知，設計高層建築時應盡量避免產生橫風向鎖定共振，因此大部分的文獻皆在討論風速未達產生鎖定共振之前的行為。本論文之目標則在探討鎖定共振狀態下之橫風向反應，藉由風洞試驗，配合提出之「間接預測法」與「直接預測法」，進行氣動力參數之識別，期能在爾後根據此模式建立橫風向氣動力參數之資料庫，預測實際建物之橫風向反應。本文所謂間接預測法乃是利用二維模型的氣動力參數預測高層建築之氣動力參數；而直接預測法則是直接根據三維模型反應進行高層建築氣動力參數之識別。
    進行風洞試驗之高層建築模型尺寸為10cm*10cm*70cm，直接預測法使用追蹤共振法中的遞增共振法及時間域曲線擬合法進行氣動力參數識別，以轉動慣量分類計有三組模型，標定為模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)、模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)及模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)。直接預測法所識別出的氣動力參數代回理論式均與實驗值相符，顯示其正確性。因模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)與二維模型有對應關係，在假設高層建築模型沿高度方向為氣動力均佈情況下，使用間接預測法之結果仍顯示橫風向振幅之理論值比實驗值小，因此間接預測法理論尚存在盲點待解決。

Wind-induced responses of structures are affected by many factors, such as the structure shape, flow condition, mass and damping.  Especially when the excessive structural response (if it exists) is interacted with the wind flow and thus the so-called aero-elasticity forms, the structural safety will become of great concern to engineers.  By the recent development in wind engineering, the investigation of the along-wind effect on high-rise buildings has grown more completely, while the researches on the across-wind effect, in particular the theoretical link with experimental data, are still remain challenging.
It is well recognized that the lock-in and resonance effect in the across-wind motion of high-rise buildings should be mostly avoided, which initiate many researches that mainly focuse on the building response ouside the lock-in stage.  However, this study aimed at investigating the across-wind resonance effect by identifying the aerodynamic parameters via wind tunnel measurements.  Two approaches were proposed for the identification.  One is called indirect prediction method which predicts the aerodynamic parameters of high-rise buildings by modifying the aerodynamic parameters of the two dimensional section model, while the other is called direct prediction method which directly utilizes the experimental measurement from the high-rise building model to identify the aerodynamic parameters.   
The test model in the wind tunnel is a high-rise building model with dimensions 10cm*10cm*70cm.  The Growth-to-Resonance method accompanied with a curve-fitting optimization technique were adopted in the direct prediction method for the identification of aerodynamic parameters.  Three different configurations of the test model, categorized by different moments of inertia, were set and tested in the wind tunnel.  They were denoted as Model (Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350), Model (Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174) and Model (Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135).  The identified results have been verified by observing the good correction between the experimental and theoretical responses in the time domain.  Since Model (Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135) has the dynamic similarity to the two-dimensional section model that was previously chosen, its experimental results were used to make comparisons with those using indirect prediction method.  It was found that the calculated amplitude from the indirect prediction method is always smaller than the experimental ones even by assuming that the parameters are aerodynamically uniformly distributed.  A more thorough investigation to clarify this unreasonable outcome will be pursued in the future study.

目錄
目錄	I
圖表目錄	III
第一章 導論	1
1.1 前言	1
1.2 研究動機與目的	2
1.3 研究內容與架構	2
第二章 相關理論回顧	4
2.1 建築受風振動	4
2.1.1 順風向振動	4
2.1.2 橫風向振動	5
2.1.3 扭轉向振動	5
2.2 自激力	6
2.3 二維結構橫風向運動方程式	7
2.3.1 橫風向自激力	8
2.3.2 鎖定現象之氣動力參數運算	9
2.4 結構參數識別	11
2.4.1 曲線擬合	11
第三章 相關理論推導	16
3.1 間接預測法	16
3.1.1 氣動均佈情況(Aerodynamically Uniformly Distributed Case)	19
3.1.1 氣動非均佈情況(Aerodynamically Nonuniformly Distributed Case)	20
3.2 直接預測法	20
3.2.1 追蹤共振法(Trace-to-Resonance Method)	25
3.2.2 參數Y1和ε之識別	26
3.2.2 參數Y2之識別	28
3.3 參數之平均	28
3.4 驗證實驗的正確性	28
3.4.1 直接曲線擬合之最佳化	28
3.5　結構參數識別	29
3.5.1 結構物之自然頻率與阻尼比識別	29
3.5.2 結構物之勁度識別	30
3.5.3 結構物之轉動慣量識別	31
3.5.4 剛性建築之廣義質量(generalized mass)	31
第四章 實驗流程架構與實驗結果	32
4.1 實驗架構與儀器	32
4.1.1 大氣風動實驗室	32
4.1.2 實驗模型	32
4.1.3 實驗儀器與架構	33
4.2 實驗流程	36
4.2.1 結構系統識別	37
4.2.2 氣動力參數之識別實驗	38
4.3 實驗結果與討論	38
4.3.1 結構物之阻尼、與自然頻率之識別	38
4.3.2 扭轉向勁度律定	39
4.3.2 氣動力參數識別	39
第五章 結論與展望	43
參考文獻	45
附錄1	80
附錄2	81
附錄3	83
附錄4	85
附錄5	87


 
圖表目錄
表4.1 模型(不同Scr3不同Mr)之實驗參數識別結果	48

圖2.1 實驗運動架構模式示意圖	49
圖2.2 衰減共振	49
圖2.3 遞增共振	49

圖3.1 氣彈模型之示意圖	50
圖3.2 使用強制振動之結構參數識別架構圖	50
圖3.3 參數平均之區段劃分圖	51

圖4.1 淡江大學邊界層風洞	52
圖4.2 模型實體側視圖	54
圖4.3 模型實體俯視圖	54
圖4.4 長雷射位移計與短雷射位移計	55
圖4.5 振動平台	55
圖4.6 力規	56
圖4.7 壓力轉換器	56
圖4.8 資料擷取系統及波形產生器	57
圖4.9 轉動向勁度律定實驗架構	57
圖4.10 氣彈實驗結構上部	58
圖4.11 氣彈實驗結構底部	58
圖4.12 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)強制振動之頻率反應函數圖	59
圖4.13 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)強制振動之頻率反應函數圖	59
圖4.14 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)自由振動之頻率反應函數圖	59
圖4.15 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)扭轉向勁度識別之線性迴歸圖	60
圖4.16 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)扭轉向勁度識別之線性迴歸圖	60
圖4.17 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)扭轉向勁度識別之線性迴歸圖	61
圖4.18 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)與模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)與模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)之無因次振幅與約化風速關係圖	61
圖4.19 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)與二維實驗(Scr2=0.3890、mr=0.0049)之無因次振幅與約化風速關係圖	62
圖4.20 二維實驗(Scr2=0.3890、mr=0.0049)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	62
圖4.21 二維實驗(Scr2=0.3890、mr=0.0049)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	63
圖4.22 間接預測法(約化風速9.2)振幅歷時比較圖	64
圖4.23 間接預測法(約化風速10.2)振幅歷時比較圖	64
圖4.24 GTR法中式(3.2.23)之迴歸曲線表示圖	64
圖4.25 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	65
圖4.26 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	65
圖4.27 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)中風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	65
圖4.28 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)中風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	66
圖4.29 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)高風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	66
圖4.30 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)高風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	66
圖4.31 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	67
圖4.32 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	67
圖4.33 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)中風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	67
圖4.34 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)中風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	68
圖4.35 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)高風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	68
圖4.36 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)高風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	68
圖4.37 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	69
圖4.38 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	69
圖4.39 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)中風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	69
圖4.40 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)中風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	70
圖4.41 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(一)	70
圖4.42 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)低風速振幅歷時比較圖(二)	70
圖4.43 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係圖	71
圖4.44 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	71
圖4.45 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係圖	72
圖4.46 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	72
圖4.47 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)氣動力參數Y2與約化風速關係圖	73
圖4.48 模型(Scr3=0.2494、Mr=0.0350)氣動力參數Y2與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	73
圖4.49 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係圖	74
圖4.50 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	74
圖4.51 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係圖	75
圖4.52 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	75
圖4.53 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)氣動力參數Y2與約化風速關係圖	76
圖4.54 模型(Scr3=0.3788、Mr=0.0174)氣動力參數Y2與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	76
圖4.55 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係圖	77
圖4.56 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)氣動力參數Y1與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	77
圖4.57 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係圖	78
圖4.58 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)氣動力參數ε與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	78
圖4.59 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)氣動力參數Y2與約化風速關係圖	79
圖4.60 模型(Scr3=0.1923、Mr=0.0135)氣動力參數Y2與約化風速關係之迴歸曲線	79

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