本研究主要在探討雲嘉南地區的水稻田區在使用農業藥劑時，其污染物於環境界中之最終分佈，研究主要包括三部份，即(1)不同種農業藥劑從不同介質層進入模擬區時之最終分佈；(2)比較污染物由同一種介質層進入模擬區時其分佈比較；(3)將所模擬的研究結果與相關研究做比較分析。本研究中所考慮的介質層主要包括空氣、土壤、水體、懸浮固體、魚體、底泥以及植被七種介質；由本研究結果可以發現，在模式中介質與介質之間之質傳係數會影響污染物在模擬區之最終分佈情形，而本研究主要選用三種常使用於水稻田之農業藥劑，分別為亞賜圃、甲基巴拉松與賽洛寧，而模擬結果可知當污染物分別由空氣、水體以及植被層進入模擬區域時，污染物最終以土壤層、懸浮固體層以及植被層之濃度為最高，而在與相關研究之比較中發現，本研究之值與相關研究所得知結果有所差距，探討其原因可能主要是因相關研究之假設為80%水體20%空氣，而本研究為假設污染物皆100%由一介質層進入模擬區，而因介質層彼此間之傳輸係數有所差異，而導致污染物最終分佈的比較上有所不同。
本研究模擬結果歸納如下：
1.	污染物由空氣層進入模擬區域時，最終濃度分佈最高者為土壤層，而賽洛寧於魚體介質中之濃度最低，甲基巴拉松與亞賜圃則以空氣層之濃度最低。
2.	污染物由水體層進入模擬區域時，污染物於水體層、底泥層與懸浮固體層之濃度分佈相差不遠，而賽洛寧於懸浮固體介質中之濃度最高，甲基巴拉松則在水體層之濃度最高，亞賜圃則以底泥層之濃度最高。
3.	污染物由植被層進入模擬區域時，污染物於植被層之濃度分佈為最高，而賽洛寧由於其於植被層之半生期很短，因此在濃度分佈上略低於甲基巴拉松與亞賜圃。
4.	污染物經排放源進入模擬區之後，絕大部分之污染物會經反應及對流兩種機制去除，本研究中所使用之三種污染物其不管位於何種介質層中，其對流移除量階佔總排放量99%以上。
5.	污染物由不同介質層輸入進模擬區時，會因為傳輸係數之不同，而導致污染物最終分佈的不同。

The research’s mainly discussion is about the fate of pesticide using in paddy rice field where in Yunlin、Chiayi and Tainan. The research can be describe by three kinds of views 1)different kinds of pesticide transfer in the simulated section from the different compartment (2)to compare with the pesticide transferring in the same compartment (3)analysis the result of the simulation and to compare with the related research. The primary compartment of the research include air ; soil ; water ; sediment ; particle ; biota and vegetation. From the result of the simulation we can find that the transferring coefficient had a strong influence for the fate of the pesticide distributed in compartments. In the research, we choose three kinds of pesticide using in the paddy rice field usually which is Isoprothiolane . Parathion-methyl and Lambda-cyhalothrin. We assumed that the pestice is delivered from three kinds of compartments, which is air , water and vegetation, finally, we can find that the higest concentration of the pesticide is in soil , particle and vegetation. To compare with the results of the related research,we can understand that there has some difference between two researchs , the reason of causing this different might be the different assumption. Because of the research, we assumed that pesticide transferring to one compartment is 100%, and the related research is assumed that 80% pesticide put in the water and 20% pesticide put in the air.

目錄
目錄……………………………………………………………Ⅳ
表目錄…………………………………………………………Ⅶ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………Ⅷ
第一章 前言 ............................................................................ 1
1.1 研究緣起與目的 ........................................................................... 1
1.2 研究內容 ....................................................................................... 3
第二章 文獻回顧 .................................................................... 4
2.1模擬汙染物的特性 ........................................................................ 4
2.1.1農藥毒性與其影響因素........................................................................ 4
2.1.2農藥對環境之影響................................................................................ 6
2.1.3亞賜圃的基本特性與來源.................................................................... 9
2.1.4甲基巴拉松的基本特性與來源.......................................................... 12
2.1.5賽洛寧的基本特性與來源.................................................................. 14
2.2多介質傳輸模式之發展 ............................................................. 16
2.2.1空間多介質模式(Spatial Multimedia Model) ..................................... 16
2.2.2均勻介質模式(Uniform Model) .......................................................... 16
2.2.3空間多介質區劃模式(Spatial Multimedia Compartment Model) ...... 19
第三章 研究方法與模擬區域環境參數設定 ...................... 20
3.1逸壓模式之架構 .......................................................................... 20
3.2 Fugacity模式理論..................................................................... 21
3.3 質量守恆方程式 ....................................................................... 26
表3-3 模式中所用介質對污染物容納指標Z值 ................................ 29
3.5 污染物在介質中之傳輸系數(D Value) .................................. 31
3.5.1 質傳系數........................................................................................... 31
3.5.1.1 湖泊、空氣介面之氣相質傳係數(U1、U7) ........................ 31
3.5.1.2 空氣與水面的液相質傳係數(U2) ......................................... 33
3.5.1.3 空氣與土壤介面之氣相質傳係數(U5) ................................. 34
3.5.1.4 沉澱物與水面介質層之質傳係數 (U8) ............................... 34
3.5.1.5 懸浮固體與水體介面之質傳係數 (U13) ............................. 35
3.5.1.6 魚體與水及水與魚體之總面積之質傳係數(U14) ............... 36
3.5.1.7 空氣與植被介質之質傳係數 (U19、U20) ............................ 36
3.5.1.8 土壤與植被介質之質傳係數 (U24) ..................................... 37
3.5.1.9 其他相關之質傳係數.............................................................. 39
3.5.2 分配係數(Partition Coefficient) ..................................................... 40
3.5.2.1 土壤基質之分配係數(Dsm) ................................................. 40
3.5.2.2 空氣相之分配係數(Da) ....................................................... 41
3.5.2.3 水相之分配係數(DW) ........................................................... 42
3.5.2.4 水中底泥相之分配係數(Dsed) .............................................. 42
3.6 Fugacity模式的數值分析方法 ................................................ 43
3.7 模擬區環境參數分析................................................................. 44
3.7.1 地理資訊資料設定............................................................................. 45
3.7.2 氣象資料設定..................................................................................... 51
3.7.3 各介質參數及密度設定..................................................................... 52
3.7.4 水利與大氣停留時間設定.................................................................53
3.8 逸壓模式的數值方法................................................................. 54
第四章 結果與討論 .............................................................. 55
4.1 模擬污染物之物化特性參數 .................................................... 55
4.2 污染物排放量推估 ..................................................................... 57
4.3 模擬結果分析與討論................................................................. 58
4.3.1 亞賜圃於環境中之最終宿命............................................................. 58
4.3.2 甲基巴拉松於環境中之最終宿命..................................................... 66
4.3.3 賽洛寧於環境中之最終宿命............................................................. 73
4.4 污染物環境宿命綜合討論 ........................................................ 81
4.4.1 污染物由空氣層輸入模擬區之綜合比較......................................... 81
4.4.2 污染物由水體層輸入模擬區之綜合比較......................................... 82
4.4.3 污染物由植被層輸入模擬區之綜合比較......................................... 84
4.5 相關研究與實際值之比較 ........................................................ 85
4.5.1 相關研究比較..................................................................................... 85
第五章 結論與建議 ................................................................... 88
5.1 結論 ............................................................................................. 88
5.2 研究建議 ..................................................................................... 89

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