由於芬蘭與俄羅斯相鄰，故兩國是因歷史淵源而展開其關係，芬蘭直到1917年才脫離俄羅斯獨立。之後，蘇聯與芬蘭分別在1939和1941年爆發戰爭，因芬蘭戰敗後割地賠款，並與蘇聯簽署莫斯科條約。1991年蘇聯瓦解後，俄羅斯與芬蘭才以對等的合作，連繫雙方的關係。雙方在歷史與地緣因素方面，芬蘭因需依賴俄羅斯的經濟，而與俄羅斯建立關係是必要的。

俄羅斯與芬蘭從蘇聯時期就有經貿往來，歷經1991年蘇聯解體與芬蘭於1995年加入歐盟後，雙邊關係產生變化，亦影響到雙邊貿易、投資與經貿合作。本文研究目的以俄羅斯與芬蘭之間的貿易、投資、經貿合作面向，探討雙方的經貿關係是如何發展進行，再進而分析雙方的經貿關係之變化。藉由研究分析，本論文可歸納出四項研究發現：一、俄羅斯與芬蘭關係之轉變可由歷史因素來分析，分析蘇聯時期與蘇聯解體之後的俄芬歷史淵源與過程，以俄芬關係為主軸來研析其形成的因素，進而探討雙方因政治與軍事力量而產生了芬蘭對俄羅斯的中立政策。然而，現今俄羅斯與芬蘭的關係跟蘇聯時期相異，因藉此對兩國經貿和政治往來作出全面性的分析。二、俄羅斯與芬蘭的貿易是以貿易金額、進出口產品及結構為主軸。俄芬的貿易可由三個階段來看，分別為1991年蘇聯解體，芬蘭於1995年成為歐盟國之一，及芬蘭在1997年之後與北約共同處理國際事務。由上述三個階段來分析雙邊貿易的特性為何，並加以比較歸納。三、俄羅斯與芬蘭的投資部分，因芬蘭依賴俄羅斯的經濟，芬蘭許多企業對俄羅斯投資較多。該部分以投資額與產業為主，並探討雙邊投資之間的問題。四、俄羅斯與芬蘭之間的經貿往來，是兩國促進彼此之間的關係手段之一，而俄羅斯與芬蘭的經貿合作範圍，包含能源、科技、觀光和過境運輸等項。俄羅斯與芬蘭的貿易、投資與經貿合作互動，除了增進兩國之間的交流與利益之外，在這些過程中俄芬有發生經貿問題的存在性。本文研究結果認為芬蘭的對外政策，會對俄芬經貿關係有所影響。對芬蘭來說，與俄羅斯經貿往來是不可避免的趨勢，要如何與俄羅斯維持往來，是芬蘭在制定對俄政策時所須考量的課題。

Their relationship was originated in its history, because Finland and Russia are in the neighborhood. In the period of the Soviet Union, even though Finland was independent from Russia in 1917, the Soviet Union used the strong power of military to control Finland. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, in order to connect the relation, Russia and Finland focus on equal cooperation. From Finland’s standpoint, it values the cooperation with Russia due to the aspects of history and geography, so Finland depends on cooperation with Russia. 
The thesis is an analysis of trade, investment and economic and trade cooperation between Russia and Finland, and the objective of the study analyzes what the bilateral economic and trade relations are. By means of the study, this study reached the following main points. First of all, analyzing Russia and Finland’s relations when it started by the histories of them. Because of the Soviet Union’s strong influence of politic and military, Finland had the neutral policies toward it during the period of Soviet Union. However, after the collapse of USSR, their relationship was distinct from the time during Soviet period. Second, discussing the trade between Russia and Finland, and analyzing their trade of the outcome, the goods and structure of export and import. There are two stages of their bilateral trade, and the timing can be viewed as the collapse of Soviet Union, and Finland was a member of EU in 1995. Thus, the aim of their trade are analyzed what the characteristics of bilateral trade are, and to compare and conclude them from two stages. Third, discussing outcome and industry of investment between Russia and Finland. Like their bilateral trade, Finland depends on investing to Russia as well. Many Finland’s enterprises invest heavily to Russia. On the other hand, Russia just invests energy enterprises with Finland. There are some problems between their investments. Therefore, another point is discussed what the obstacles between their investment. Finally, by promoting their relations, the bilateral economic and trade cooperation is the important way for Russia and Finland. Their economic and trade cooperation is quite different from their trade and investment, so it meant energy, technology, tourism and transit traffic cooperation between Russia and Finland. Despite the trade, investment and economies and trade relations of Russia and Finland are strengthened the relations for their cooperation, there are some problems between them. The conclusion of thesis as Finland’s policy toward Russia has impact on their bilateral relations. There is an inevitable tendency as their relations, and the future of their economic and trade relations interweave for Finland.

目　　次
第壹章　緒論……………………………………………………………......1
第一節	研究動機與目的…………………………………………….….....1
第二節	文獻述評………………………………………………………......3
第三節	研究方法與途徑…………………………………………….…….7
第四節	研究範圍與限制…………………………………………………11
第五節	研究架構與章節安排………………………………………....…12
第貳章　俄羅斯與芬蘭關係…………………………………………15
第一節	俄國與芬蘭的歷史概述…………………………………………15
第二節	蘇聯時期的兩國關係……………………………………….…...20
第三節	俄羅斯與芬蘭的關係……………………………………….…...27
第參章　俄羅斯與芬蘭的貿易……………………………………...33
第一節	俄芬貿易量演變……………………………………………….....33
第二節	俄芬貿易結構分析…………………………………………….....41
第三節	俄芬貿易之特性………………………………………………….53
第肆章　俄羅斯與芬蘭的投資……………………………………...59
第一節	雙邊投資額變化……………………………………………….....59
第二節	雙邊投資之產業分析………………………………………….....65
第三節	影響雙邊投資之因素………………………………………….....75
第伍章　俄羅斯與芬蘭的經貿合作………………………….…....81
第一節	兩國經貿合作架構……………………………………….............81
第二節	兩國經貿合作模式…………………………………………….....87
第三節	兩國經貿合作之挑戰………………………………………...... ..94
第陸章  結論………………………………………………………………..99
第一節   研究發現………………………………………..............................99
第二節   後續研究建議…………………………………………...….........105
參考文獻……………………………………………………………….……..107



表　　次　
表3-1  俄羅斯對外貿易的出口與進口額……………………………………...36
表3-2  俄羅斯對芬蘭出口額………………………………………...................36
表3-3  俄羅斯自芬蘭進口額…………………………………………………...38
表3-4  蘇聯自芬蘭進口商品比重……………………..……………………….42
表3-5  蘇聯對芬蘭出口商品比重……………...………………………………43
表3-6  俄羅斯對外出口的商品量……………………………………………...48
表3-7  俄羅斯對外進口的商品量……………………………………………...48
表3-8  芬蘭對俄羅斯出口的主要商品………………………………………...51
表3-9  芬蘭自俄羅斯進口的主要商品………………………………………...52
表4-1  俄羅斯的外資引進………………………………………………...……60
表4-2  俄羅斯的外資流量……………………………………………...………61
表4-3  俄羅斯對芬蘭的投資額……………………………………………...…61
表4-4  芬蘭對俄羅斯的投資額……………………………………………...…64
表4-5  俄羅斯投資產業的活動比重……………………………….......................66
表4-6  2001-2005年芬蘭對外投資的產業額………………………………….67
表4-7  2006-2010年芬蘭對外投資的產業額…………………………….........68

圖　　次
圖1-1　研究架構圖……………………………………………………….…….13
圖3-1  俄羅斯對芬蘭出口值圖…………………………………………….….37
圖3-2  俄羅斯自芬蘭進口值圖………………………………………………..38
圖3-3  俄羅斯與芬蘭的貿易圖……………………………………….……….47
圖4-1  俄羅斯對芬蘭的投資額圖……………………………………………..62
圖4-2  芬蘭對俄羅斯的投資額圖……………………………………………..64

參考文獻
中文部分
一、書籍
尹慶耀(1994)，蘇維埃帝國的消亡，台北：五南圖書。
王傳照(2004)，地緣政府與國家安全，台北：幼獅文化。
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張亞中(2008)，小國崛起：轉捩點上的關鍵抉擇，台北：聯經出版事業有限公司。
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蘇秀法(1987)，「芬蘭化」和「丹麥化」陰影下的歐洲，台北：正中書局。

二、期刊
王躍生、楊力(2010)，「歐盟國家對俄羅斯的直接投資問題」，俄羅斯中亞東歐市場，第12期，頁29-36。
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劉絕萍(2001)，「俄羅斯:投資環境、存在問題、投資前景」，俄羅斯研究，第18卷，第1期，頁21-30。
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羅英杰(2005)，「歐盟國家對俄羅斯投資淺析」，俄羅斯研究，第3期，頁43-48。

三、學位論文
吳岱璟(2002)，不對稱外交戰略與小國外交政策之研究：以芬蘭化為例，淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。
徐元勝(1984)，北歐均勢，淡江大學歐洲研究所碩士論文。

四、網站資料
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<http://ekm92.trade.gov.tw/BOFT/web/report_detail.jsp?data_base_id=DB009&category_id=CAT920&report_id=100318>，(2010/9/3)。
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<http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi duiwai/20091229/42671503.html >，(2010/10/3)。
「俄儲蓄銀行行長：腐敗是全球向俄羅斯投資的重要障礙」，俄新網，
<http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi_caijing/20110128/42977255.html>， (2011/30)。
「能源價格推動俄羅斯北極項目」，芬蘭投資網中文版(Invest in Finland)， 
<http://www.investinfinland.cn/news/detail.aspx?=22&id=127>，(2011/1/23)。
「普京抵達赫爾辛基開始工作訪問」，俄新網， 
<http://big5.rusnews.cn/eguoxinwen/eluosi duiwai/20061124/41589481.html>, (2010/12/17)。

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<http://www.tulli.fi/en/finnish_customs/statistics/graphics/liitteet/Kuviot_2009EN.pdf>, (2010/1/6).
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二、書籍
Allison, Roy. (1985), Finland’s Relations with the Soviet Union, 1944-84, London：Macmillan.
Apunen, Osmo. (1977), “Geographic and Political Factors in Finland’s Relations with the Soviet Union, ” Yearbook of Finnish Foreign Policy 1977, Helsinki：Finnish Institute of International Affairs.
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Daniel, Austin. (1996), Finland as a Gateway to Russia: Issues in European Security, Aldershot：Avebury.
Evens, Graham and Jeffrey Newnham. (1990), The Dictionary of World Politics, New York：Harvester Wheathsheaf. 
Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. (2004), From Support to Partnership-Finland’s Strategy for Cooperation in Its Neighbourhood Areas, Helsinki：Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
Mouritzen, Hans. (1998), Lessons for Alliance Theory, Bordering Russia：Theory and Prospects for Europe’s Baltic Rim, London：Ashgate.
Ollus, Simon-Erik and Simola Heli. (2006), Russia in the Finnish Economy, Helesinki: Sitra.
Ollus, Simon-Erik. (2004), Why They, Why Not We? An Analysis of the Competitiveness of Finland and Russia, Helsinki: Sitra.
Singleton, Fred. (1989), A Short History of Finland, New York：Cambridge University.
Trovalds, Nils and Simon-Erik Ollus. (2006), From Trade to Partnership-Finland’s Economic Strategy for Russia, Helsinki: Sitra.
Wuorinen, John H. (1966), A History of Finland, New York：Columbia University.
Wylie, Neville. (2002), Eourpoean Neutrals and Non-Belligerents during the Second World War, London：Cambridge University.

三、期刊
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Spencer, Arthur. (1953), “Finland Maintains Democracy,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 32, No. 2, pp.301-309.

四、網站資料
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