太陽能輔助式薄膜蒸餾海水淡化系統是一套節能的系統，係將太陽能集熱設備與薄膜蒸餾系統作一結合，並利用源源不絕的太陽熱能作為薄膜分離驅動力的來源。太陽熱能應用於薄膜蒸餾系統有兩個方式，即(一)間接式加熱程序，其特點即是將太陽能透過集熱設備收集並加以儲存，再間接地提供予薄膜蒸餾單元利用；(二)直接式加熱程序：即將太陽能集熱設備與薄膜蒸餾設備結合，在平板式薄膜蒸餾設備中裝設一具有太陽輻射吸收功能之吸收板，可補充薄膜蒸餾程序中之熱量損失，提高純水產能，同時，對於節省設備空間有相當大的幫助。本研究針對太陽能輔助式薄膜蒸餾之主要設備進行效率改善研究，研究對象包括:(1)超薄通道式太陽能集熱器；(2)直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統；(3)雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統；(4) 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾系統。本研究的研究目的為：(1)設計超薄通道式太陽能集熱器，以提升傳統太陽能集熱器之集熱較率；(2)以二維數學模型針對不同薄膜蒸餾設備的熱量與質量傳送機制進行研究，並以實驗分析的方法驗證數學模式的正確性，探討設計參數及操作條件對於集熱器之集熱效率提升百分率和薄膜蒸餾系統之流體溫度分佈、溫度極化現象及純水透膜通量提升百分率進行研究。研究結果顯示，超薄通道式太陽能集熱器、直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統、雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統及直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾系統之理論值與實驗值的平均相對誤差為1.33 %、5.98 %、5.86 %及4.84 %。本研究以開發低流體流速設備為主，除了可以降低操作成本外，經由新穎的改善策略可提升設備效能並得到令人滿意的熱量及質量傳送效率改善效果。

The solar heat assisted membrane seawater desalination system is technically and economically feasible, which is constructed of solar collectors and membrane distillation device for energy saving water purification.  The diving force of separation in membrane distillation device is supplied by infinite resources of solar radiation.  Solar desalination systems are classified into two categories, i.e. direct and indirect collector systems.  There are some advantages for the direct indirect solar heat driven systems (1) the direct solar heat system integrates the solar absorber as an additional heat supply source and membrane distillation process into a small-scale unit which uses the solar radiation as the heat source to produce high purity water; (2) the hot brine is indirectly preheated by the solar heating system to prevent equipment fouling and the maintenance costs of solar collectors and hot water storages are low, respectively.  The purposes of this study are (1) to study new design of ultra-thin channel solar water heater, direct contact membrane distillation, dual films membrane distillation, immediate solar assisted membrane distillation systems with mathematical modeling and experimental studies; (2) to develop a two-dimensional mathematical model and propose a general numerical method for solving this complex mathematical model in predicting pure water productivity of membrane distillation systems; (3) to study the collector efficiency improvement of solar collector and the effect of temperature distributions, temperature polarization and pure water productivity improvement on the membrane distillation systems.  The results show that the agreement between the experimental results and theoretical prediction are fairly good.

中文摘要Ⅰ
英文摘要Ⅱ
目錄Ⅲ
圖目錄VI
表目錄IX
第一章	  緒論1
1.1. 引言	1
1.2. 薄膜蒸餾系統簡介3
1.3. 研究動機與方向6
第二章	  文獻回顧9
2.1. 太陽能集熱器9
2.2. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾11
2.3. 太陽能輔助式海水淡化系統14
第三章	  理論分析17
3.1. 超薄通道式太陽能集熱器之一維理論數學模型建立17
3.2. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾之二維理論數學模型建立22
3.2.1. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾之質量與熱量傳送機制22
3.2.2. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾二維數學模型之建立34
3.2.3. 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾二維數學模型之建立39
3.2.4. 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾設備二維數學模型之建立43
3.2.5. 朗吉庫塔數值解析方法47
3.3. 集熱器之集熱效率提升率及透膜通量提升率51
3.4. 數學模擬參數之設定54
第四章	  實驗分析57
4.1. 超薄通道式太陽能集熱器57
4.2. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統62
4.3. 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統69
4.4. 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾系統75
第五章	  結果與討論82
5.1. 超薄通道式太陽能集熱器82
5.2. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統94
5.2.1. 操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響94
5.2.2. 溫度極化效應94
5.2.3. 水力損耗96
5.3. 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統107
5.3.1. 操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響107
5.3.2. 流體徑向溫度分佈108
5.4. 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾系統112
5.4.1. 操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響112
5.4.2. 流體徑向溫度分佈113
5.4.3. 透膜通量提升百分比113
第六章	  結論124
6.1. 超薄通道式太陽能集熱器125
6.2. 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統125
6.3. 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾系統125
6.4. 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾系統126
符號說明128
參考文獻134
附錄144
附錄A 中英文名詞對照表144
附錄B 個人學經歷與論文著述150

圖目錄
圖1-1 海水淡化成本3
圖1-2 薄膜蒸餾模組之型式5
圖1-3 薄膜蒸餾之薄膜形狀分類5
圖1-4 間接式太陽能輔助式薄膜蒸餾系統8
圖1-5 研究架構圖8
圖3-1 全通道式平板型太陽能集熱器系統示意圖17
圖3-2 薄膜蒸餾系統之速度及溫度邊界層示意圖23
圖3-3 薄膜蒸餾系統之熱量及質量傳送示意圖24
圖3-4 薄膜蒸餾系統之熱量傳送機制圖25
圖3-5 薄膜孔洞內質量傳送之阻力示意圖27
圖3-6 順流式平板型薄膜蒸餾示意圖35
圖3-7 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾示意圖40
圖3-8 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾示意圖44
圖3-9 以朗吉庫塔法求解常微分聯立方程組之計算示意圖51
圖4-1 全通道式平板型太陽能集熱器實驗裝置簡圖57
圖4-2 全通道式平板型太陽能集熱器分解圖58
圖4-3 全通道式平板型太陽能集熱器實驗設備實際圖58
圖4-4 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾實驗裝置簡圖62
圖4-5 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾設備分解圖63
圖4-6 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾薄膜支撐層示意圖63
圖4-7 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾設備實際圖64
圖4-8 冷溶液儲槽65
圖4-9 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾實驗裝置簡圖69
圖4-10 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾設備分解圖70
圖4-11 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾薄膜支撐層示意圖70
圖4-12 雙膜型直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾設備實際圖71
圖4-13 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾實驗裝置簡圖75
圖4-14 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾設備分解圖76
圖4-15 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾設備實際圖77
圖5.1-1 流體進口溫度和質量流率對集熱效率之影響，I0 = 700 W/m2 85
圖5.1-2 流體進口溫度和質量流率對集熱效率之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2 86
圖5.1-3 不同操作參數下集熱效率之比較圖，m = 8.33×10-3 kg/s 87
圖5.2-1 熱側流體為純水時，不同操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響97
圖5.2-2 熱側流體為鹽水時，不同操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響98
圖5.2-3 通道壁及薄膜表面之流體溫度在不同操作參數下之影響，Ta,in = 35°C 99
圖5.2-4 通道壁及薄膜表面之流體溫度在不同操作參數下之影響，Ta,in = 40°C 100
圖5.2-5 流體流速及通道位置對流體溫度分佈之影響，Ta,in = 35 °C 101
圖5.2-6 流體流速及通道位置對流體溫度分佈之影響，Ta,in = 40 °C 102
圖5.2-7 流體流速及進口溫度對通道a流體之溫度極化效應的影響 103
圖5.2-8 流體流速及進口溫度對通道b流體之溫度極化效應的影響 104
圖5.3-1熱側流體為純水時，不同操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響 109
圖5.3-2 通道b流體流速及通道位置對流體溫度分佈之影響，Tb,in = 40 °C 110
圖5.4-1 熱側流體為鹽水時，不同操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響，I0 = 850 W/m2 115
圖5.4-2 熱側流體為鹽水時，不同操作參數對純水透膜通量之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2 116
圖5.4-3 不同操作參數對通道a流體出口溫度之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2 117
圖5.4-4 不同操作參數對通道b流體出口溫度之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2 118
圖5.4-5流體流速及流體進口溫度對流體溫度分佈之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2	 119
圖5.4-6流體進口溫度、通道位置及太陽光入射強度對流體溫度分佈之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2 120
圖5.4-7 流體進口溫度、通道位置及太陽光入射強度對區域純水透膜通量之影響，I0 = 1100 W/m2 121

表目錄
表1-1 不同型態之薄膜蒸餾系統應用領域6
表3-1 超薄通道式太陽能集熱器之數學模擬參數值54
表3-2 超薄通道式太陽能集熱器之物性參數式54
表3-3薄膜蒸餾系統之數學模擬參數值55
表3-4 薄膜蒸餾系統之物性參數式56
表4-1 PTFE/PP複合膜之薄膜性質67
表5.1-1 集熱器於不同操作條件下之玻璃面蓋、吸收板及流體平均溫度88
表5.1-2 集熱器於不同操作條件下之壓降89
表5.1-3 集熱器效率提升百分比與實驗誤差, m = 8.33×10-3 kg/s 90
表5.1-4 集熱器效率提升百分比與實驗誤差, m = 1.17×10-2 kg/s 91
表5.1-5 集熱器效率提升百分比與實驗誤差, m = 1.50×10-2 kg/s 92
表5.1-6 集熱器效率提升百分比與實驗誤差, m = 1.83×10-2 kg/s 93
表5.2-1 直接接觸式薄膜蒸餾實驗值與理論值之相對誤差比較表 105
表5.2-2 純水透膜潛熱與水力損耗 106
表5.3-1 透膜通量提升百分比與實驗值和理論值之相對誤差比較表 111
表5.4-1 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾實驗值與理論值之相對誤差比較表 122
表5.4-2 直接輔助式太陽能薄膜蒸餾之透膜通量提升百分比 123

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