隨著社會結構已經轉型成高齡化社會，老年人口逐年增加。老人之預防照護與醫療護理，逐漸成為醫療所面臨的重要課題。其中，各種心臟疾病如心律不整、心房顫抖與心肌梗塞尤其好發於年長者的族群之中。從心電圖的訊號中可判斷出上述等常見之心臟疾病。
    本論文設計與實現心電圖測量系統與電路，整體系統與電路包含一儀表放大器與一低通濾波器。由於心電圖訊號十分微弱，因此儀表放大器在心電圖訊號的頻率範圍內具有低雜訊與高電壓增益之特性，並且在放大心電圖訊號的同時提供高共模拒斥比(Common Mode Rejection Ratio, CMRR)用以抵抗人體皮膚表面所產生的雜訊與電路本身之電源雜訊。低通濾波器則用以濾除心電圖訊號以外之其他生理訊號與干擾訊號。

Abstract:
    As the social structure has transformed into an aging society, the elderly population has increased year by year. Preventive care and medical care for the elderly have gradually become an important issue towards medical care. Among them, various heart diseases such as arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction are especially common among the elderly. The above-mentioned common heart diseases can be judged from the signal of the electrocardiogram.
    This paper designs and implements an electrocardiogram measurement system and circuit. The overall system and circuit include an instrumentation amplifier and a low-pass filter. As the ECG signal is very weak, the instrumentation amplifier has the characteristics of low noise and high voltage gain in the frequency range of the ECG signal, and it amplifies the ECG signal while providing high Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) to resist the noise generated on the surface of human skin and the power noise of the circuit itself. The low-pass filter is used to filter out other physiological signals and interference signals other than the ECG signal.

目錄
致謝…………………………………………I
中文摘要……………………………………II
英文摘要…………………………………III
內文目錄………………………………IV
圖目錄…………………………………VI
表目錄…………………………………VIII

第一章	緒論…………………………………1
1.1研究背景…………………………………………1
1.2研究動機…………………………………………2
1.3論文架構…………………………………………3

第二章	心電圖介紹………………………………4

第三章	心電圖訊號擷取電路設計…………7
3.1 心電圖訊號擷取電路架構與規格………………7
3.2 國際心電標準……………………………………8
 
3.2.1 共模抑制比(CMRR)之量測…………………………8
3.3 儀表放大器電路………………………………13
3.3.1 儀表放大器電路介紹……………………………13
3.3.2 NE5532P晶片介紹………………………………15
3.4 Sallen-Key filter電路………………………18
3.4.1 Sallen-Key filter電路介紹……………………18
3.4.2 uA741晶片介紹…………………………………22
3.4.3 PSpice模擬Sallen-Key filter電路與模擬結果………24
第四章	多通道資料擷取DAQ………………26
4.1 多通道資料擷取Data Acquisition介紹………26
4.2 DAQ擷取ECG訊號架構圖……………………29
4.3 Labview Block Diagram………………………30

第五章	心電圖訊號擷取電路與量測結果33
5.1 儀表放大器增益量測……………………………33
5.2 DAQ擷取心電圖成果圖………………………39
第六章	結論與未來冀望………………………41
參考文獻……………………………………………42 
圖目錄
圖2.1愛因托芬三角形(Einthoven's triangle)…………………6
圖3.1為本論文ECG電路架構………………………………7
圖3.2 CMRR測試電路……………………………………8
圖3.3弗里斯公式(Friis formula) ……………………………11
圖3.4本論文依系統之要求，設計出如上之儀表放大器…………14
圖3.5 NE5532P運算放大器………………………………15
圖3.6 NE5532P運算放大器腳位圖…………………………16
圖3.7 Sallen-Key濾波器通用電路…………………………19
圖3.8截止頻率（Cutoff Frequency）…………………………21
圖3.9 Sallen-Key filter電路架構…………………………21
圖3.10 uA741運算放大器…………………………………22
圖3.11 uA741運算放大器腳位圖……………………………23
圖3.12通過PSpice來模擬Sallen-Key filter電路………………24
圖3.13 PSpice模擬Sallen-Key filter電路圖…………………25
圖4.1 ECG電路架構之PCB板……………………………29
圖4.2 DAQ擷取ECG訊號架構圖…………………………29
圖4.3 Labview DAQ Assistant……………………………30
圖4.4 DAQ Assistant模擬介面……………………………30
圖4.5 DAQ Assistant模擬參數設定…………………………31
圖4.6 LabView DAQ Assistant 擷取ECG訊號………………31
圖4.7 LabView DAQ Assistant 擷取ECG訊號………………32
圖5.1儀表放大器電路差模增益量測………………………34
圖5.2 VCC+……………………………………………34
圖5.3 VCC-……………………………………………35
圖5.4儀表放大器Input_1…………………………………35
圖5.5儀表放大器 Input_2………………………………36
圖5.6差模增益實驗參數…………………………………36
圖5.7儀表放大器增益Output與ECG電路Output……………37
圖5.8儀表放大器之Noise…………………………………38
圖5.9 LabView DAQ Assistant 擷取ECG訊號………………40
圖5.10 LabView DAQ Assistant 擷取ECG訊號……………40 
表目錄
表3.1 NE5532P運算放大器腳位表…………………………16
表3.2 NE5532P運算放大器規格表…………………………17
表3.3 uA741規格表………………………………………23
表3.4 uA741特性表………………………………………24
表4.1 DAQ儀器特性表……………………………………28

參考文獻
[1] S. Toinga, C. Carabali and L. Ortega, "Development of a didactic platform for teaching the Einthoven's Triangle," IEEE Second Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM), Salinas, 2017, pp. 1-6.

[2] IEC 60601-2-27:2011, " Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-27: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of electrocardiographic monitoring equipment," IEC.

[3] D. C. Hogg, "Fun with the Friis free-space transmission formula," IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 35, no. 4, Aug. 1993, pp. 33-35.

[4]https://www.digikey.tw/product-detail/zh/texas-instruments/NE5532P/296-1410-5-ND/277056?WT.z_cid=ref_neda_dkc_buynow_ihstest&utm_source=ecia&utm_medium=aggregator&utm_campaign=ihstest&source=Datasheets360

[5] P. J. Billam, "Practical Optimization of Noise and Distortion in Sallen and Key Filter Sections," in IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 768-771.

[6] K. M. Gaikwad and M. S. Chavan, "Removal of high frequency noise from ECG signal using digital IIR butterworth filter," IEEE Global Conference on Wireless Computing & Networking (GCWCN), Lonavala, 2014, pp. 121-124.

[7] H. Ting and H. Wang, "Improvement of stop-band attenuation for the Sallen-Key low-pass filter," International Symposium on Next Generation Electronics, Kaohsiung, 2010, pp. 158-161.
[8]https://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=Ua741&gclid=CjwKCAiAgJWABhArEiwAmNVTB8Lkkvh6_ajtQfUnD9utg-kn738ADerekj0rDemZkNk-riZOshLQExoCgCYQAvD_BwE