路邊停車的管理一直是大都市區的一個問題。許多市政府仍然依 靠人工方式發放停車繳費單或使用停車收費錶來收取停車費用。不論 上述哪種方式，對於人力支配和停車格管理效率而言，這是不經濟 的。為了解決停車管理問題，一些研究人員提出了基於無線感測器網 路的路邊停車系統。然而，相關研究提出的方法僅關注在檢測停車格 的使用狀況，並無法得知停車格內的車輛資訊，對於完整的路邊停車 系統將需要更近一步的改善。 
在本篇論文中，我們提出了一種基於藍牙低功耗(BLE)信標技 術的路邊停車系統，以實現這兩個目標。具體來說，車輛內放置 BLE 信標裝置，由路邊掃描器識別車輛資訊並檢測車輛確切位置。此系統 可快速檢測並得知路邊停車格的使用狀況和車格中的車輛資訊。在未來，我們希望能透過此系統來改善路邊停車問題，以實現智慧城市目標。

The management of roadside parking has been a big issue for metropolitan areas. Many city governments still rely on manual issuing of parking tickets or use parking meters to collect the parking fee. Either way, it is not economical in terms of the expenses on human labor and the efficiency of parking space management. To solve the problem, some researchers have proposed roadside parking systems based on wireless sensor networks. However, the existing approaches focus only on detecting the occupancy of parking spaces. This is not enough for a comprehensive roadside parking system because the identification of vehicles using specific roadside parking spaces is yet unknown. 
In this research, we propose a roadside parking system based on the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon technology to achieve the two goals simultaneously. Specifically, vehicles are attached with a BLE beacon device which broadcasts the identification of the registered vehicle to be scanned by the roadside units. By monitoring the estimated distances between the beacon device and a number of roadside units, our backend system is expected to determine the occupancy of the roadside parking spaces along with the identification of vehicles using the parking spaces. In the future, we would like to apply a smart roadside parking system to improve roadside parking, and achieve IoT smart city goals.

目錄
第一章:緒論 ................................................................ 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 ........................................................... 1 
1.2 研究目的 ................................................................ 2 
1.3 論文架構 ................................................................ 3
第二章 技術背景與相關研究 ...................................................4
2.1 低功耗藍牙(BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY) .......................................... 4 
2.2 藍牙信標 ................................................................ 4 
2.2.1 iBeacon 運作原理 ..................................................... 5 
2.2.2 iBeacon 廣播封包格式 ................................................. 6 
2.2.3 iBeacon 距離計算 ..................................................... 8 
2.3 6LOWPAN................................................................. 10 
2.4 MQTT ................................................................... 12 
2.5 相關研究 ............................................................... 13
第三章 系統架構與實作 ...................................................... 15
3.1 實驗系統架構圖 ......................................................... 15 
3.2 網路架構圖 ............................................................. 17 
3.3 系統運作原理 ............................................................ 18
第四章:系統實作與功能展示 .................................................19
4.1 實驗環境架構介紹 ....................................................... 19 
4.2 節點需求 ............................................................... 20 
4.3 IBEACON 與 READER(RASPBERRY PI3 ) ......................................... 22 
4.4 IPV6 OVER BLE ............................................................ 24 
4.5 MQTT ................................................................... 33
4.5.1 實作節點在 MQTT 協定中的角色 ....................................... 33 
4.5.2 Reader、Server 設定:MQTT 套件 ...................................... 34 
4.5.3 Broker 設定:Mosquitto ............................................. 36
4.6 資料庫 ................................................................. 38 
4.7 運算 ................................................................... 39 
4.8 實驗 ................................................................... 41
4.8.1 實驗一 ............................................................. 42 
4.8.2 實驗二 ............................................................. 43
第五章 結論與未來展望 ...................................................... 49
5.1 結論 ................................................................... 49 
5.2 未來展望 ............................................................... 49
參考文獻 ................................................................... 50 
附錄 - 英文論文............................................................53

圖目錄
圖 2-1 iBeacon 偵測範圍[2].................................................................................5 
圖 2-2 iBeacon 偵測範圍.......................................................................................6 
圖 2-3 iBeacon 封包結構.......................................................................................7 
圖 2-4 方法二的距離估計程式碼公式...................................................................10 
圖 2-5 6LBR 與 6LN 角色關係圖..........................................................................11 
圖 2-6 MQTT協定角色示意圖................................................................................13 
圖 3-1 實驗系統架構圖........................................................................................16 
圖 3-2 運行 MQTT 協定示意圖 .............................................................................17 
圖 3-3 系統運作原理示意圖..................................................................................18 
圖 4-1 實驗裝置實際部署架構圖..........................................................................19 
圖 4-2 BlueZ 套件掃描結果.................................................................................22 
圖 4-3 Reader 執行 python 檔結果 ....................................................................23 
圖 4-4 6LBR 未連接 LE 之網路狀況 ....................................................................25 
圖 4-5 6LN 執行 hciconfig 指令的結果輸出......................................................26 
圖 4-6 6LBR 執行藍牙連線結果............................................................................27 
圖 4-7 6LN 藍牙連線狀況.....................................................................................27 
圖 4-8 6LBR 網路介面..........................................................................................28 
圖 4-9 6LN 尚未設定 IPv6 的位址......................................................................29 
圖 4-10 6LN 使用 bluetooth_6LoWPAN.................................................................29 
圖 4-11 6LBR 設置 radvd 檔...............................................................................30 
圖 4-12 6LBR 產生 bt0 網路介面........................................................................31 
圖 4-13 6LBR 網路介面的 global IPv6 的位址.................................................32 
圖 4-14 6LN 的 IPv6 位址連線成功 ....................................................................32 
圖 4-15 實作節點在 MQTT 協定中的角色示意圖...................................................34 
圖 4-16 Server 運行 MQTT 協定............................................................................35 
圖 4-17 Broker 運行 MQTT 協定............................................................................35 
圖 4-18 RSMB 執行畫面........................................................................................36 
圖 4-19 Reader1、Reader3 掃描 iBeacon 封包資訊 ...........................................36 
圖 4-20 Server 收到 iBeacon 封包資訊 ..............................................................37 
圖 4-21 Broker 收到來自 Reader 的訊息畫面 ....................................................37 
圖 4-22 DB-Browser for SQlite 資料庫應用程式設計介面.................................39 
圖 4-23 實驗室實際架構圖...................................................................................41 
圖 4-24 車輛停放位置判斷結果............................................................................41 
圖 4-25 實驗一實驗室實際架構圖........................................................................42 
圖 4-26 實驗一車輛停放位置判斷結果..................................................................43 
圖 4-27 實驗二實驗室實際架構圖........................................................................44 
圖 4-28 建立工作行程..........................................................................................45 
圖 4-29 編輯行程.................................................................................................46 
圖 4-30 資料庫數據資料 ......................................................................................47 
圖 4-31 實驗二車輛停放A位置位置判斷結果......................................................47 
圖 4-32 實驗二車輛停放B位置位置判斷結果......................................................48 

表目錄 
表 4-1 Raspberry Pi 3 規格..................................20 
表 4-2 Estimote iBeacon 規格................................21 
表 4-3 crontab 時間指令意義.................................45

參考文獻 
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