微藻的污水處理系統提供了適合的環境及足夠的營養源，且微藻具有繁殖迅速適應能力強之生長特性，可以有效的在短時間將廢污水中的高碳高氮去除。微藻去除了具有高效率去除廢水中營養源的優點外；另一方面，可做為因能源危機而需新的乾淨替代能源之能源產物。
    為了找出小球藻(Chlorella sp.)處理廢水的最佳操作參數，本研究以處理高氮廢水中的硝酸鹽氮為主，觀察Chlorella sp.的生長特性為輔，分別處理高氮廢水原水及添加不同濃度的磷及碳，觀察其對Chlorella sp.去除營養鹽及生長特性的影響。
    實驗結果顯示，碳及磷的濃度皆會對Chlorella sp.去除營養鹽的效率及生長情形有影響，Chlorella sp.去除高氮廢水原水中的硝酸鹽氮效率有限，在0-96小時，硝酸鹽氮從38 mg/L降至28 mg/L，約只有27 %的去除率；在添加不同碳源的實驗中，發現以葡萄糖為碳源，在0-72小時，不論是去除硝酸鹽氮的效率或是生長，皆為最佳的碳源；在不同磷濃度的實驗中，發現足夠的磷濃度能在20小時內去除80 %以上的硝酸鹽氮，在16-20小時，比生長速率最高能達到1.93 day-1；碳濃度對於小球藻去除營養鹽及生長特性的影響最大，在沒有碳或碳濃度不足的環境下，會使得硝酸鹽氮的去除率不佳。

The high concentration nitrogen wastewater supplies microalgae with enough nutrient and suitable environment when using the microalgae treated the wastewater. The microalgae is provided with the characteristics of reproduce rapidly and quick adaptation, which have high efficiency to treat high carbon and high nitrogen concentration of wastewater. The microalgae would be a new clean energy source in this energy crisis days. 
In order to find the optimum parameters of Chlorella sp. to treated wastewater, the aim of this study is to treat the high concentration of nitrate-based wastewater and observe the growth characteristics of Chlorella sp. The results indicated that the efficiency of the treatment is limited. The concentration of the nitrate nitrogen was decreased form 38 mg/L to 28 mg/L during treated time of 72 h. The removal efficiency only has 27%. But that would get the best removal efficiency and growth characteristics when the glucose was added as the carbon source. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of the nitrate nitrogen will up to 80% when the reaction obtained enough phosphorous and the reaction time was within 20 h. At this condition, the study could gain the highest specific growth rate 1.93 day-1 during 16-20 hours. Therefore, the carbon source is the main impact factor for treating the high concentration nitrate-based wastewater.

目錄
第一章  前言	1
1-1	研究緣起	1
1-2	研究目的	2
1-3	研究內容	3
第二章  文獻回顧	5
2-1	藻類特性	5
2-2	光合作用	5
2-3	微藻─小球藻(Chlorella sp.)	8
2-4	小球藻(Chlorella sp.)的生殖方式	10
2-5	微藻的培養方式	12
2-6	影響微藻的生長因子	16
2-6-1	溫度的影響	16
2-6-2	光照強度和週期的影響	17
2-6-3	pH值的影響	18
2-6-4	碳源的影響	19
2-6-5	氮源的影響	20
2-6-6	磷源的影響	22
2-7	Chlorella sp.處理不同廢水中的氮	22
2-8	利用小球藻淨化水質	23
第三章  實驗材料與方法	24
3-1	實驗材料	24
3-1-1	藻種來源	24
3-1-2	培養基與實廠之RO濃縮廢水	24
3-2	前期實驗	26
3-3	實驗方法與流程	26
3-3-1	實驗方法	26
3-3-2	實驗流程	27
3-4	實驗步驟	28
3-4-1	Chlorella sp.的前期培養	28
3-4-2	處理RO濃縮廢液之原水	28
3-4-3	Chlorella sp.於不同碳源之實驗	29
3-4-4	Chlorella sp.於不同磷濃度之實驗	30
3-4-5	Chlorella sp.於不同碳氮比之實驗	31
3-5	分析方法	33
3-5-1	藻體生長濃度(OD660值)之測定	33
3-5-2	藻體生物質量(Biomass)之測定	33
3-5-3	藻體油脂含量測定	33
3-5-4	pH值之測定	34
3-5-5	硝酸鹽氮濃度之測定	34
3-5-6	正磷酸鹽濃度之測定	34
3-5-7	總有機碳濃度之測定	34
3-5-8	光照強度之測定	35
3-5-9	營養鹽去除率之計算	35
3-5-10	藻體比生長速率之計算	35
3-6	實驗設備	36
第四章  結果與討論	39
4-1	Chlorella sp.對高氮廢水之處理結果	39
4-2	Chlorella sp.在不同碳源下處理高氮廢水之影響	43
4-3	Chlorella sp.在不同磷濃度下對高氮廢水處理之影響	48
4-3-1	不同磷濃度對碳氮去除效率之影響	48
4-3-2	不同磷濃度對Chlorella sp.之生長趨勢	53
4-4	Chlorella sp.在不同碳濃度下對高氮廢水處理之影響	56
4-4-1	不同碳濃度對碳氮去除效率之影響	56
4-4-2	不同碳濃度對Chlorella sp.之生長趨勢	63
4-4-3	不同碳濃度對油脂變化之影響	65
4-4-4	初始碳濃度與碳氮比例消耗之相關性	66
第五章  結論與建議	68
5-1	結論	68
5-2	建議	70
第六章  參考文獻	71

表目錄
Table2- 1光合作用反應簡表	8
Table3- 1培養基成分表	25
Table3- 2 RO濃縮液水質	25
Table3- 3實驗儀器設備表	36
Table4- 1不同磷濃度(氮磷比)之硝酸鹽氮的去除率	52
Table4- 2不同磷濃度(氮磷比)之總有機碳的去除率	52
Table4- 3不同磷濃度(氮磷比)之Chlorella sp.的比生長速率.	55
Table4- 4 Chlorella sp.培養於不同碳濃度之藻體生物質量(Biomass)及油脂(Lipid)的增加量	65
Table4- 5 不同階段碳與氮量消耗的比例	67

圖目錄
Fig.2- 1光合作用的光反應流程	7
Fig.2- 2光合作用的暗反應流程。	7
Fig.2- 3實驗小球藻(400X)(左)小球藻細胞剖析(Palmer,1962)(右)	10
Fig.2- 4 The growth of Chlorella sp.	11
Fig.3 - 1實驗流程圖……………………………………………………27
Fig.3 - 2高壓滅菌釜(左)，無菌操作台(右)	37
Fig.3 - 3培養箱	37
Fig.3 - 4燈管(左)，分光光度計(右)	37
Fig.3 - 5高速微量離心機(左)，烘箱(右)	38
Fig.3 - 6 總有機碳分析儀(左)，pH計(右)	38
Fig.3 - 7 陰離子層析儀	38
Fig.4- 1Chlorella sp.培養於高氮廢水硝酸鹽氮及氨氮之變化情形….41
Fig.4- 2 Chlorella sp. 培養於高氮廢水中總有機碳之消耗變化趨勢	41
Fig.4- 3 Chlorella sp. 培養於高氮廢水中之藻體生長濃度變化	42
Fig.4- 4 Chlorella sp. 培養於高氮廢水中藻體生物質量之生長趨勢	42
Fig.4- 5 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳源之硝酸鹽氮的變化情形	45
Fig.4- 6 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳源之硝酸鹽氮的去除率	45
Fig.4- 7 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳源之總有機的變化情形	46
Fig.4- 8 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳源之總有機碳的去除率	46
Fig.4- 9 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳源之藻體濃度(OD660)生長趨勢	47
Fig.4- 10 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳源之藻體生物質量之生長趨勢	47
Fig.4- 11 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同磷濃度之硝酸鹽氮的變化情形	50
Fig.4- 12 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同磷濃度之硝酸鹽氮的去除率	50
Fig.4- 13 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同磷濃度之總有機碳的變化情形	51
Fig.4- 14 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同磷濃度之總有機碳的去除率	51
Fig.4- 15 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同磷濃度之藻體濃度生長趨勢	54
Fig.4- 16 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同磷濃度之藻體生物質量生長趨勢	54
Fig.4- 17 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之硝酸鹽氮的變化情形	58
Fig.4- 18 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之硝酸鹽氮的去除率	58
Fig.4- 19 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之總有機碳的變化情形	59
Fig.4- 20 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之總有機碳的去除率	59
Fig.4- 21硝酸鹽氮與總有機碳之消耗關係圖(C/N=0)	60
Fig.4- 22硝酸鹽氮與總有機碳之消耗關係圖(C/N=6)	60
Fig.4- 23硝酸鹽氮與總有機碳之消耗關係圖(C/N=8)	61
Fig.4- 24硝酸鹽氮與總有機碳之消耗關係圖(C/N=10)	61
Fig.4- 25硝酸鹽氮與總有機碳之消耗關係圖(C/N=12)	62
Fig.4- 26硝酸鹽氮與總有機碳之消耗關係圖(C/N=32)	62
Fig.4- 27 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之藻體濃度生長趨勢	63
Fig.4- 28 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之藻體生物質量之生長趨勢	64
Fig.4- 29 Chlorella sp. 培養於不同碳濃度之藻體細胞數之生長趨勢	64

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