當休閒娛樂活動與大量儲存空間的需求與日俱增，使得大跨度結構也越來越多，大跨度結構的特性為跨度大且材質較輕，故此類結構物受風力作用的敏感程度亦無可避免地增加。風力作用對於大跨度結構物所造成的反應成為設計大跨度結構物最重要的一環。大跨度結構的相關研究在以往已有若干學者針對表面風壓特性進行探討，但大部分均為定性探討；此外，大跨度結構表面風壓分布深受雷諾數、紊流強度以及其屋蓋曲度影響，因此進行風洞實驗時，均需將這些因素考慮進去。本研究以Lo and Kanda [1]的實驗資料中不同曲率的半圓頂型結構物作為研究對象。經由風洞實驗，以過往曾被提出的眾多經驗公式與本研究新提出的擬合公式，針對屋蓋子午線上，兩鄰近擾動風壓之Root-coherence與Phase function進行交頻譜分析與擬合，探討半圓頂型屋蓋結構表面擾動風壓交相關頻譜之結果與趨勢變化，根據不同曲率與風壓孔間距提出對擬合公式係數影響的迴歸公式，並與實驗比較其差異性，作為日後風力載重計算與數值模擬之依據。
由擬合結果得知，不同屋蓋曲率的交頻譜變化趨勢相同，因此可以使用 f/D=0.5的交相關頻譜擬合結果取代 f/D=0.2~0.4的擬合結果。以Root-coherence與Phase function擬合公式係數進行迴歸後再進行Co-coherence擬合，可以發現對於f/D=0.5的擬合結果最好，隨著f/D愈小擬合結果的誤差愈大。

When the demands for leisure activities and a large number of storage spaces are increasing, there are more and more large-span structures being constructed. The unique features of large-span structures are their large span roofs and lighter materials, which make them sensitive to wind loads. Therefore wind effect on large-span roofs have become the most important issue in the whole design procedure. Related researches about large-span structures in the past have been explored by a number of scholars. Reynolds number, turbulence intensity and roof curvature dominate the estimation of the wind loads. However, most conclusions were given in qualitative discussion. 
This present study adopts several different curvatures for hemispherical dome structures in Lo and Kanda’s experiments. By comparing proposed empirical formulas and the one proposed in the present study, cross spectrum of any two neighboring fluctuating pressures along the roof meridian have been well approximated. From fitting results, cross spectra with different roof’s curvature have similar trends. Therefore the case of rise/span ratio (f / D) equals 0.5 can be used instead of other three (f / D = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) in conveneince. By separately regressing the fitted coefficients of root-coherence and phase functions, the cross spectra can be approximated well in a quantitative way.

目錄
圖目錄	V
表目錄	VII
第一章 緒論  1
1.1　研究動機  1
1.2　研究方法  2
1.3　研究內容  2
1.4　論文架構  2
第二章　文獻回顧	5
2.1　大氣邊界層流場之風洞模擬  5
2.2　風洞實驗之阻塞效應	6
2.3　紊流對半圓頂型結構之影響  6
2.5　擾動風速與擾動風壓之交頻譜擬合公式  7
第三章　理論背景	9
3.1　大氣邊界層特性  9
3.1.1  平均風速剖面  9
3.1.2　紊流強度	10
3.1.3　紊流長度尺度  11
3.1.4　擾動風速頻譜  12
3.1.5　擾動風速交頻譜  13
3.2　風與結構體之相互關係	13
3.2.1　氣動力現象	13
3.2.2  雷諾數  14
3.3  風壓交頻譜經驗公式	15
第四章　實驗設置與數據處理分析  17
4.1　實驗設置  17
4.1.1　風洞  17
4.1.2  風壓模型	18
4.1.3　量測儀器	19
4.1.4　大氣邊界層流場模擬	22
4.2　訊號處理與數據處理	23
4.2.1 數據採樣	23
4.2.2　風壓訊號之管線修正	23
4.2.3　數據處理分析  26
第五章　實驗結果與討論  27
5.1　 交相關擬合公式之提出	 27
5.1.1　文獻公式與本文公式之比較  27
5.2　交頻譜擬合結果  29
5.2.1　不同 f/D 與 h/D=0.0之擬合結果  29
5.2.2　不同h/D之擬合結果	33
5.2.3　各公式誤差之比較  34
5.2.4　MAC  45
5.2.5　Root-coherence 擬合公式係數之迴歸	46
5.2.6　Phase function 擬合公式係數之迴歸	49
5.3  Co-coherence迴歸結果與誤差計算  51
5.3.1   Co-coherence迴歸結果  51
5.3.2   誤差計算	 62
第六章　結論與建議  67
6.1　結論  67
6.2　建議  68
參 考 文 獻  69
附錄A  71
附錄B  107

圖目錄
圖3-1　紊流長度尺度參數C、m和高度z0關係圖	12
圖3-2  氣流於不同雷諾數的分離現象  15
圖4-1　日本東京大學風洞實驗室  17
圖4-2　屋頂模型與圓柱面模型  18
圖4-3  模型幾何符號定義	18
圖4-4  IFA-300智慧型風速儀、探針及校正儀	19
圖4-5　壓力量測系統  20
圖4-6　壓力訊號處理系統(RADBASE3200)  21
圖4-7　64頻道壓力感應器模組  21
圖4-8  日本東京大學風洞實驗室擾流板與粗糙元素擺設示意圖  22
圖4-9  地況IV、風速5.9m⁄s與11.1m⁄s的平均風速剖面及紊流強度 22
圖4-10　風壓管之管線修正使用之頻率域轉換函數(Amplitude ratio) 25
圖4-11　風壓管之管線修正使用之頻率域轉換函數(Phase difference) 25
圖5-1  f/D=0.5 與 h/D=0.0 模型分區示意圖	29
圖5-2  Ch.1與Ch.2  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  30
圖5-3  Ch.2 與Ch.3  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  30
圖5-4  Ch.7 與Ch.8  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  31
圖5-5  Ch.8 與Ch.9  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  31
圖5-6  Ch.13 與Ch.14  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  31
圖5-7  Ch.14與Ch.15  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  32
圖5-8  Ch.23 與Ch.24  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  32
圖5-9  Ch.24 與Ch.25  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  32
圖5-10  Ch.27 與Ch.28  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  33
圖5-11  Ch.28與Ch.29  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  33
圖5-12  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0~0.5間隔一之擬合係數C1與C2	 47
圖5-13  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0~0.5間隔二之擬合係數C1與C2	 47
圖5-14  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0~0.5間隔三之擬合係數C1與C2	 48
圖5-15  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0~0.5間隔一與間隔二之擬合係數C3  50
圖5-17  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0~0.5間隔三之擬合係數C3  50
圖5-18  Ch.1與Ch.2  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  52
圖5-19  Ch.2與Ch.3  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  52
圖5-20  Ch.7與Ch.8  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  52
圖5-21  Ch.8與Ch.9  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  53
圖5-22  Ch.13與Ch.14  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  53
圖5-23  Ch.14與Ch.15  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  53
圖5-24  Ch.23與Ch.24  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  54
圖5-25  Ch.24與Ch.25  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  54
圖5-26  Ch.27與Ch.28  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  54
圖5-27  Ch.28與Ch.29  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  55
圖5-28  Ch.1與Ch.2  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  55
圖5-29  Ch.2與Ch.3  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  55
圖5-30  Ch.7與Ch.8  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  56
圖5-31  Ch.8與Ch.9  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  56
圖5-32  Ch.13與Ch.14  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  56
圖5-33  Ch.14與Ch.15  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  57
圖5-34  Ch.23與Ch.24  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  57
圖5-35  Ch.24與Ch.25  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  57
圖5-36  Ch.27與Ch.28  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  58
圖5-37  Ch.28與Ch.29  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence  58
圖5-38  Ch.1與Ch.2、Ch.1與Ch.3及Ch.1與Ch.4的Co-coherence  59
圖5-39  Ch.2與Ch.3、Ch.2與Ch.4及Ch.2與Ch.5的Co-coherence  59
圖5-40  Ch.7與Ch.8、Ch.7與Ch.9及Ch.7與Ch.10的Co-coherence  59
圖5-41  Ch.8與Ch.9、Ch.8與Ch.10及Ch.8與Ch.11的Co-coherence  60
圖5-42  Ch.13與Ch.14、Ch.13與Ch.15及Ch.13與Ch.16的Co-coherence  60
圖5-43  Ch.14與Ch.15、Ch.14與Ch.16及Ch.14與Ch.17的Co-coherence  60
圖5-44  Ch.23與Ch.24、Ch.23與Ch.25及Ch.23與Ch.26的Co-coherence  61
圖5-45  Ch.24與Ch.25、Ch.24與Ch.26及Ch.24與Ch.27的Co-coherence  61
圖5-46  Ch.27與Ch.28、Ch.26與Ch.28及Ch.25與Ch.28的Co-coherence  61
圖5-47  Ch.28與Ch.29、Ch.27與Ch.29及Ch.26與Ch.29的Co-coherence  62

表目錄
表3-1　不同地況之指數律參數  10
表3-2　不同地況之地表粗糙長度尺度 [28]  10
表3-3　地表粗糙長度尺度對應之β(Davenport [20])  11
表4-1  模型幾何尺寸  19
表4-2　Lo and Kanda [1]風洞實驗所假設的各項相似比例尺  23
表5-1  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence 圖例  29
表5-2  f/D=0.2與h/D=0.0的擬合誤差(單位：%)	  34
表5-3  f/D=0.3與h/D=0.0的擬合誤差(單位：%)	  37
表5-4  f/D=0.4與h/D=0.0的擬合誤差(單位：%)	  40
表5-5  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0的擬合誤差(單位：%)	  43
表5-6  各擬合公式之平均誤差 (單位：%)  45
表5-7  f/D=0.2與f/D=0.5之MAC  46
表5-8  f/D=0.3與f/D=0.5之MAC  46
表5-9  f/D=0.4與f/D=0.5之MAC  46
表5-10  Co-coherence、Phase function、Root-coherence 圖例  51
表5-11  f/D=0.2 與 h/D=0.0的誤差結果 (單位：%)  63
表5-12  f/D=0.3與h/D=0.0的誤差結果 (單位：%)  64
表5-13  f/D=0.4與h/D=0.0的誤差結果 (單位：%)  65
表5-14  f/D=0.5與h/D=0.0的誤差結果 (單位：%)  66

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