自1999年起「穩定與聯繫進程」就成為歐盟對東南歐包含科索沃的長期政策主軸，此一進程的主要目標有三個：東南歐區域的穩定與邁向市場經濟、促進區域合作和為加入歐盟做準備。本論文研究目的在於探討在「穩定與聯繫進程」架構下歐盟和科索沃的關係，重點在於此一進程在科索沃的實踐和其對科索沃民主化的影響。論文主要探討的課題有二：「穩定與聯繫進程」的施行在科索沃面臨何種挑戰？以及歐盟將如何協助科索沃融入歐洲？首先、對歐盟的東南歐政策和科索沃衝突的背景做介紹，並探討國際勢力在科索沃民主化與體制重建中所扮演的角色。其次、就「穩定與聯繫進程」下歐盟的各種政策作為如穩定與聯繫協定、歐盟貿易措施、歐盟夥伴關係作初步的分析。第三、檢視在加入歐盟為前提下，科索沃情勢發展能否施行改革以達到「穩定暨聯繫進程」所設定的標準，畢竟歐盟不論是其會員國或體制運作，在科索沃的重建和發展下皆扮演了極重要的角色。最後結論將檢討歐盟在科索沃扮演之角色，以及「穩定與聯繫進程」之成效評估。
科索沃問題一向是歐盟的優先處理事項，在「穩定與聯繫進程」架構下，將會拉近歐盟與科索沃兩者間的關係。如今，科索沃已經逐漸擺脫戰後的困境，其民主也開始展露一線曙光，不過在國際各方勢力的介入與利益衝突，科索沃要完全邁向正式獨立自主還有一段路要走。

Since 1999, the SAP is the new institutional long-term framework of the EU towards SEE, including Kosovo. The SAP pursues three aims, namely: stabilisation and transition to a market economy, the promotion of regional cooperation and the prospect of EU accession. The objective of this thesis is to explore the EU-Kosovo relations within the general framework of EU policies towards SEE region, and to focus on the implementation of the SAP in Kosovo and its democratization aspect. The main research questions are: What are the short and long-term prospects of the EU’s relations with SEE and especially with Kosovo? What are the challenges concerning the implementation of the SAP in the case of Kosovo and how does the EU help Kosovo on its way to move closer to the EU? The thesis includes an overview of the EU policies towards SEE, a background of Kosovo’s conflict and explores the involvement of the international actors in the process of institutional building as part of the democratization process in this country. Concerning the implementation of the SAP, its instruments such as the Stabilisation and Association Agreement, the EU Trade Measures, European Partnership and EU assistance are analysed. The developments are closely linked to Kosovo’s ability to implement the reforms and reach the standards that are required to make further progress in the SAP and towards the European accession. The EU - both its Member States and its institutions - plays an important role in the reconstruction and development of Kosovo. This thesis suggests that the SAP is an undisputed progress compared to the EU previous strategies and it has for the first time embraced the promise of membership and outlined the procedures of accession. Kosovo remains a priority for the EU and the SAP offers an opportunity to have a closer relationship with the EU. Kosovo has moved forward after the 1998-1999 war, and the democracy is beginning to emerge but it is not a self-sustainable state yet because of the level of international community involvement which is still very intensive.

1. Introduction...1
 1.1. Motivation of Research...4
 1.2. Hypothesis and Objectives of Research...6
 1.3. Methodology...7
 1.4. Review of the Relevant Literature...8
 1.5. Sources...12
 1.6. Structure of the Thesis...14

2. Framework of Analysis...15
 2.1. Ethnic Group and Ethnic Conflict...16
 2.2. Democratization, Democracy and Stability...18

3. European Union – South Eastern Europe Relations...29
 3.1. Historical Background...31
 3.2. European Union’s Policies towards South Eastern Europe...38
  3.2.1. Regional Approach...39
  3.2.2. Stabilisation and Association Process
  3.2.3. Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe...54
  3.2.4. Regional Cooperation Council...58

4. The Case of Kosovo...67
 4.1. Country Profile...68
 4.2. The International Actors and Their Mandates...73
  4.2.1. United Nations and Kosovo...74
  4.2.2. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe...82
  4.2.3. Kosovo Force...83
  4.2.4. The European Union and Kosovo...84
 4.3. Political and Administrative Framework...93
  4.3.1. The Initial Structure...93
  4.3.2. Constitutional Framework and Provisional Self Government...97

5. Kosovo and the Stabilisation and Association Process...102
 5.1. Stabilisation and Association Process Tracking Mechanism...104
 5.2. Implementation of the Stabilisation and Association Process in Kosovo...107
 5.3. The Instruments of the Stabilisation and Association Process and Kosovo Case...117
  5.3.1. Stabilisation and Association Agreement with Kosovo...117
  5.3.2. European Partnership with Kosovo...118
  5.3.3. European Union’s Trade Measures with Kosovo...120
  5.3.4. European Union’s Assistance to Kosovo...122

6. Conclusions...132

7. Bibliography...138

8. Annexes...151
 Annex 1: Kosovo Flag...151
 Annex 2: Kosovo – Geographical and Political Profile...151
 Annex 3: Kosovo – Economic Profile...152
 Annex 4: Statistical Data...153

List of Figures
 Figure 3.1. Timeline of EU policies and assistance programs towards SEE...38
 Figure 3.2. SAP Components...43
 Figure 3.3. Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance...51
 Figure 3.4. The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe...56
 Figure 4.1. Three Levels Analysis...67
 Figure 4.2. UNMIK Structure 1999...78 
 Figure 4.3. UNMIK Joint Interim Administrative Structure...96
 Figure 4.4. Structure of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG)...98
 Figure 4.5. The Constitutional Framework – Reserved Powers of UNMIK...99
 Figure 5.1. Timeline of EU assistance to Kosovo...122 

List of Maps
 Map 1: South East Europe...30
 Map 2: Kosovo...68 

List of Tables
 Table 2.1. Approaches in Democratization Theories...19
 Table 3.1. EU policies and initiatives towards SEE...38
 Table 3.2. The EU Stabilisation and Association Agreements with Western Balkan counties...45
 Table 3.3. The Regional Cooperation Council: Priority Areas...59
 Table 5.1. Nations in Transit Ratings and Averages Scores...111
 Table 5.2. EU’s Assistance Programs towards Kosovo...123
 Table 5.3. EC support to Kosovo in 1999-2007...124
 Table 5.4. Overview of CARDS assistance per year and per sector in € million...125
 Table 5.5. IPA allocations for Kosovo 2007-2012...127
 Table 5.6. Overview of EC assistance per year and per sector...127

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