本論文探討整合製造商和零售商的存貨問題，研究中假設製造商和零售商有長期商業夥伴的關係，並且製造商提供信用交易優惠且零售商進貨檢驗時會發生誤判的情況。分別在第二章和第三章建立不同交易條件的單一製造商與單一零售商的整合存貨模式，其目的在尋求使得供應鏈整體總利潤有最大值的最適運送及補貨策略。為符合不同商業情境，第二章考慮零售商每次訂購量必須達到某一水準或以上時，製造商才會提供延遲付款的優惠；否則，於收到貨品時，必須馬上付清貨款。第三章則假設製造商採用二選一信用交易策略，即若零售商在M1時點付清貨款，則可享受δ(0<δ<1)比例的價格優惠；否則，必須在M2時點付清貨款，其中0≦M1＜M2。
對所建立的整合存貨模式利用嚴謹的數量方法找出最適解。進一步，分別發展出演算法以利求解。最後，以數值範例說明求解程序，並探討信用交易策略、產品品質及檢驗能力等參數的敏感度分析，得到製造商應慎選信用交易策略並降低產品不良率，而零售商則應提升產品檢驗能力的結論，以達到供應鏈整體總利潤有最大值的目標。

This study discusses the integrated manufacturer-retailer inventory problems. In this thesis we assume that the manufacturer and the retailer are long-term business partners, and we also assume that the manufacturer offers trade credits and the retailer’s screening errors may occur. In order to make the supply chain model has the maximum profit, we try to find the optimal delivery and replenishment strategies. To meet the different business scenarios, in the second and third chapters we consider respectively different credit trades. In chapter 2, we assume that the manufacturer provides a permissible delay to the retailer if the order quantity is greater than or equal to a predetermined quantity. In chapter 3, we assume that the manufacturer adopts two-part trade credit. The retailer can obtain the δ(0<δ<1) proportion discount off the price of the merchandise if the payment is made within  M1 days; otherwise the full price of the merchandise is due within M2 days, with 0≦M1＜M2.
For each integrated inventory model, we use a rigorous quantitative method to find optimal solution. Further, this thesis develops algorithms to determine the optimal solutions. Finally, numerical examples are provided to show the solution procedure, the sensitivity analysis on the credit trading strategies, product quality and testing capabilities are given to analyse the theoretical results. We make the proposals that the manufacturer should carefully choose the credit trade policy and reduce product defect proportion, the retailer should promote product screening capabilities, to meet the supply chain profit has maximum goal.

目錄
目錄 Ⅰ
表目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅳ
使用符號一覽表 Ⅴ
基本假設 Ⅶ
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 相關文獻探討 2
1.2.1 延遲付款 3
1.2.2 產品品質 5
1.2.3 整合存貨模式 5
1.3 本論文架構 7
第二章 製造商提供延遲付款的條件與零售商訂購數量有關且零售商貨品檢驗時發生型Ⅰ及型Ⅱ錯誤之整合存貨模式 8
2.1 前言 8
2.2 符號與假設 9
2.3 模式的建立 10
2.3.1 零售商單位時間的總利潤 10
2.3.2 製造商單位時間的總利潤 16
2.3.3 供應鏈的單位時間總利潤 19
2.4 模式求解 22
2.5 數值範例 32
2.6 小結 36
第三章 製造商提供二選一延遲付款策略且零售商貨品檢驗時發生型Ⅰ及型Ⅱ錯誤之整合存貨模式 38
3.1 前言 38
3.2 符號與假設 39
3.3 模式的建立 40
3.3.1 零售商單位時間的總利潤 40
3.3.2 製造商單位時間的總利潤 44
3.3.3 供應鏈的單位時間總利潤 46
3.4 模式求解 48
3.5 數值範例 53
3.6 小結 58
第四章 結論 60
4.1 主要研究成果 60
4.2 未來研究方向 62
參考文獻 64
附錄：證明ψ<0 69
表目錄
表1 零售商檢驗發生型Ⅰ及型Ⅱ錯誤的貨品數量 Ⅶ
表1.1 本研究與相關整合存貨模式的差異性 7
表2.1 例2.1存貨系統的相關參數值 32
表2.2 當Q＜Qd時，例2.1的求解過程 32
表2.3 當Q≧Qd時，例2.1的求解過程 33
表2.4 Qd和M值變動對最適解的影響 34
表2.5 γ、α和β值變動對最適解的影響 35
表3.1 例3.1存貨系統的相關參數值 53
表3.2 當零售商提前付清貨款時，例3.1的求解過程 54
表3.3 當零售商未提前付清貨款時，例3.1的求解過程 54
表3.4 M1和M2值變動對最適解的影響 56
表3.5 λ、γ、α和β值變動對最適解的影響 57
圖目錄
圖2.1 整合存貨模式示意圖 9
圖2.2 零售商的存貨水準示意圖 11
圖2.3 當Q＜Qd時，零售商存貨模式的資金機會成本 13
圖2.4 當Q≧Qd時，零售商存貨模式的利息收入與資金機會成本 14
圖2.5 製造商的累積存貨水準示意圖 18
圖2.6 演算法流程圖 31
圖2.7 供應鏈單位時間總利潤曲面圖 33
圖3.1 整合存貨模式示意圖 39
圖3.2 零售商存貨模式的利息收入與資金機會成本 42
圖3.3 供應鏈單位時間總利潤曲面圖 55

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