珍．瑞絲的《夢迴藻海》刻畫了生態女性主義的精髓。由於特殊的成長背景，她成為生態女性主義的代言人。本論文分為四部份：在前言中，作者簡述生態女性主義的精神與沿革。第一章檢視「女性被殖民」與「大自然被剝削」之間的關連；第二章探討女性與自然的關係：安托阿內與她居住的小島都被隔離孤立。書中女性角色與自然存在著某種對應關係：克瑞絲多芬扮演如大地之母的角色；安托阿內被囚禁等同於大自然被壓榨與剝削；安托阿內的心神喪失就如同大自然的忿怒與反撲。  
    珍．瑞絲的《夢迴藻海》鼓勵讀者自省，重新檢討傳統的價值觀，讓讀者再思「何謂瘋狂？」——是這個社會？還是被這個社會當作瘋子的人？更重要的是，珍．瑞絲連結了女性與自然，並且為這弱勢的生命共同體發聲。

Jean Rhys’ Wide Sargasso Sea captures the essence of ecofeminism. It lays bare the twin domination of women and nature and shows that women’s madness and nature’s wrath are the products of man’s naming system and opportunistic attitude.  Chapter One will examine the colonization of women and the exploitation of nature. It suggests how the colonization of women and the exploitation of nature are interconnected. Chapter Two explores the following analogy between nature and the women of Wide Sargasso Sea: Antoinette’s isolation is analogous to the concept of an island; the relationships of women in the novel correspond with the relationship between Mother Nature and her people: Christophine with the Great Mother Earth; Antoinette’s imprisonment in the attic with the exploitation of nature; and her madness with environmental disasters. Overall, Rhys’s ideals in her novel are very valuable in part because she encourages the readers to compare their thinking with that of society’s and in part because she makes the readers engage in self-evaluation.

Table of Contents 

Introduction 
Jean Rhys and Ecofeminism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter One 
The Colonization of Women and Exploitation of Nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Chapter Two 
Women and Nature in Wide Sargasso Sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
 
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78

Works Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

Works Cited

Abzug, Bella. “Women and the Fate of the Earth: The World Women’s Congress for a Healthy Planet.” Woman of Power 20 (1991): 26-30.
Adams, Carol, ed. Ecofeminism and the Sacred. New York: Continuum, 1993.
_____. The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: Continuum, 1990.  
Biehl, Janet. “What Is Social Ecofeminism?” Green Perspectives 11 (1988): 2-4.
_____. Rethinking Ecofeminist Politics. Boston: South End Books, 1991.
Carlassare, Elizabeth. “Commentaries: Socialist and Cultural Ecofeminism Allies in Resistance.” Ethics and the Environment 5 (2000): 89-106.
Ciolkowski, Laura E. “Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea: Colonial History, English Fiction, and British Empire.” Twentieth Century Literature 43.3 (1997): 339-59.
Collard, Andree and Joyce Contrucci. The Rape of the Wild: Man’s Violence Against Animals and the Earth. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1988.
Cuomo, Chris. Feminism and Ecological Communities. London: Routledge, 1998.
D’costa, Jean. “Jean Rhys (1890-1979).” In Fifty Caribbean Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Ed. D. C. Dance.  New York: Greenwood, 1986. 390-404.
Daly, Mary. Gyn/ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism. Boston: Beacon, 1978.
de Beauvoir, Simone.  The Second Sex. Trans. H. M. Parshley.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1949.
d’Eaubonne, Francoise. “Le Feminisme ou la mort (Feminism or death).” In New French Feminisms: An Anthology. Ed. E. Marks and I. de Courtivron. Amherst, Mass.: U of Massachusetts P, 1980. 236-240. 
Diamond, Irene and Gloria Feman Orenstine, eds. Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.
Edinger, Edward. An Outline of Analytical Psychology. Retrieved July 14, 2006 from http://www.israjung.co.il/edinger.htm.
______. An Outline of Analytical Psychology. New York: Quadrant, 1968
Eisler, Raine. “The Gaia Tradition and the Partnership Future: An Ecofeminist Manifesto.” In Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. Ed. I. Diamond and G. F. Orenstein. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.  
Friedman, Ellen G. “Breaking the Master Narrative: Jean Rhy’s Wide Sargasso Sea.” In Breaking the Code: Women’s Experimental Fiction. Ed. E. G. Friedman and M. Fuchs. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1989. 
Frank, Andre Gunder. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil. New York: Monthly Review, 1967.
French, Marilyn. Beyond Power. New York: Summit, 1985.
Friere, Paolo. The Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum, 1990.
Gaard, Greta. Women, Nature, Animals. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1993.
Gregg, Veronica Marie. Jean Rhys’s Historical Imagination. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1995.
_____. Jean Rhys’s Historical Imagination: Reading and Writing the Creole. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1995. 
Griffin, Susan. Woman and Nature: The Roaring Inside Her. San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1978.
Harding, Mary Esther. The I and the Not-I: A Study in the Development of Consciousness. New York: Princeton UP, 1974.
Haraway, Donna. “The Promises of Monsters: A Regenerative Politics for Inappropriate/Others.” In Cultural Studies. Ed. L. Grossberg, C. Nelson, and P. Treichler.  New York: Routledge, Chapman, and Hall, 1992. 295-337
Kelly, Petra. “Women and Global Green Politics: A Call for the Formation of a New Political Party in the United States.” Woman of Power 20 (1991): 24-25.
Kendrick, Robert. “Edward Rochester and the Margins of Masculinity in 'Jane Eyre' and 'Wide Sargasso Sea.'” Papers on Language & Literature 30 (1994): 235.
Kyle, Ken, Pat Lauderdale, and Annamarie Oliverio.  “Millennia of Injustice from the View of Andre Gunder Frank.” Social Justice 21(1994): 212-37.
Langston, Barbara, L. “‘I Will Write My Name In Fire Red’: Subjectivity and Allegory in Wide Sargasso Sea and Annie John.” Chrestomathy: Annual Review of Undergraduate Research at the College of Charleston, 2 (2003): 163-74.
Lauderdale, Pat and Annamarie Oliverio.  “Justice, ethics and liberation: the struggle of Andre Gunder Frank.” International Journal of Comparative Sociology 36 (1995): 131-48. 
Leland, Stephanie and Leonie Caldecott. Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth. London: Women’s P, 1983.
Mallory, Chaone. “Ecofeminism and Forest Defense in Cascadia: Gender, Theory and Radical Activism.” Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 17 (2006): 32-49. 
Manion, H. K. Ecofeminism within Gender and Development. Retrieved April 26, 2006 from http://www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/twine/ecofem/manion.pdf.
McFague, Sallie. The Body of God: An Ecological Theology. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1993.
Mellor, Mary. Breaking the boundaries, towards a feminist green socialism. London: Virago, 1992.
Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution.  San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1980.
_____. “The Death of Nature.”  In Environmental Philosophy. Ed. M. Zimmerman, J. B. Callicott, G. Sessions, K. J. Warren, and J. Clarks.  New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1998. 277-90. 
_____. Reinventing Eden: The Fate of Nature in Western Culture. New York: Routledge, 2003.
_____. The Death of Nature: Women. Ecology, and Science. San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1980.
_____. “Ecofeminism and Feminist Theory.” In Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. Ed. I. Diamond and G. F. Orenstein. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.
Mies, Maria, and Vandana Shiva. Ecofeminism. London: Zed, 1993. 
Plant, Judith, ed. Healing the Wounds: The Promise of Ecofeminism. Philadelphia: New Society Publishers, 1989.
Plante, David. “Jean Rhys: A Remembrance.”  Paris Review 21 (1979): 238-84. 
Plumwood, Val. “Nature, Self, and Gender: Feminism, Environmental Philosophy, and the Critique of Rationalism.”  In Ecological Feminist Philosophies. Ed. K.  J. Warren. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1996. 155-80
Ramchand, Kenneth. The West Indian Novel and its Background. London: Faber and Faber, 1970. 
Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. New York: W. W. Norton, 1982. 
Rose, Gillian. Feminism and Geography: The Llimits of geographical knowledge. Cambridge: Polity, 1993.
Ruether, Rosemary Radford. New Woman/New Earth: Sexist Ideologies and Human Liberation. New York: Seabury, 1975.
_____, ed. Women Healing Earth: Third World Women on Ecology, Feminism, and Religion. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1996.
Salleh, Ariel. “Nature, Woman, Labor, Capital: Living the Deepest Contradiction.” Capitalism, Nature, Socialism  6.1 (1995): 21-39. 
Savory, Elaine. Jean Rhys. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999.
Scharfman, Ronnie. “Mirroring and Mothering in Simone Schwarz-Bart’s Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle and Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea.” Yale French Studies 62 (1981): 88-106. 
Shiva, Vandana. Staying Alive: Women, Ecology, and Development. London: Zed, 1989.
Silvanni, Giovana. “Jean Rhys.” In Multicultural Writers since 1945: An A-To-Z Guide.  Eds. A. Amoia and B. L. Knapp. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2003. 421-26
Smilowitz, Erika. “Childlike Women and Paternal Men,” ARIEL 17 (1986), 93-103. 
Smith, Dennis. The problems of essentialism in Skjelsbaek and Smith D.  eds Gender, peace and conflict. London: Sage, 2001.
Spretnak, Charlene. “Toward an Ecofeminist Spirituality.” In Healing the Wounds. Ed. Judith Plant. Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1989.
Spelman Elizabeth. “Woman as Body: Ancient and Contemporary Views.” Feminist Studies 8 (1982): 109-31.
Sturgeon, Noel. “Positional Feminism, Ecofeminism, and Radical Feminism Revisited.” APA Newsletters 93(1994): 44, 45. 
_____. Ecofeminist Natures: Race, Gender, Feminist Theory and Political Action. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Vaipeyi, Dhirhendrak, ed. Deforestation, Environment, and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2001.
Von Franz, Marie-Louise. Shadow and Evil in Fairy Tales.  Dallas: Spring, 1974.
_____. Individuation in Fairy Tales. Boston: Shambhala, 1990. 
Warren, Karen. “The Power and the Promise of an Ecological Feminism.” Environmental Ethics 12.2 (1990): 121-46.
_____, ed. Ecological Feminism. New York: Routledge, 1994.
_____, ed. Ecological Feminist Philosophies. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1996.
_____. “Feminism and the Environment: An Overview of the Issues.” APA Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy 90 (1991): 108. 
_____. Ecofeminist Philosophy: A Western Perspective on What It Is and Why It Matters. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.
Wyndham, Francis and Diana Melly, eds. The Letters of Jean Rhys. New York: Viking, 1984.  
_____, eds. The Letters of Jean Rhys. New York: Viking, 1984.